GIF Legislation Tracker
2023 2022 2021 2020 Rep. LaHood (R-IL18) Introduces H.Res.1077
On July 31, Rep. Darin LaHood (R-IL18) introduced a resolution expressing the continued importance of the United States-Lebanon relationship. The resolution mentions Iran’s influence in Lebanon through Hezbollah as a key reason why the U.S.-Lebanon relationship is important to maintain Lebanon’s sovereignty and position as a strong U.S. ally in the Middle East. The resolution was referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2021 Passes the House (H.R.7617)
The House passed the Department of Defense Appropriations Act for 2021 on July 31. The Act calls for an assessment of connections between terrorist groups and the government of Iran, but makes clear that it in no way authorizes the use of force against Iran. It also appropriates $700 million for countering ISIS in part in Iraq, yet bars funds appropriated by the bill to be used to further involve or permanently station U.S. Armed Forces in Iraq. The Act was introduced in the House by Rep. Peter Visclosky (D-IN01) on July 16.
Rep. Schiff (D-CA28) Introduced the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R.7856)
On July 30, Rep. Adam Schiff (D-CA28) introduced the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R.7856). The Act requires a report on how to prevent nuclear proliferation in the Middle East and avoid a nuclear arms race between Iran and Saudi Arabia, in addition to reports evaluating any efforts on behalf of Saudi Arabia to develop a nuclear program or promote terrorism. It halts information sharing with Saudi Arabia due to the Saudi government’s role in Jamal Khashoggi’s murder and calls for reports on Saudi human rights abuses in Yemen, specifically evaluating if U.S. weapons have been used to commit these violations. The Act also calls for an intelligence report about potential campaigns by Saudi Arabia, the UAE, or Qatar to influence U.S. politics and policymakers. The Act was referred to the House Committee on Intelligence.
Rep. Schneider (D-IL10) Introduces H.R.7850
On July 29, Rep. Brad Schneider (D-IL10) introduced a bill to require a National Intelligence Estimate on Iranian proxy forces. The bill calls for the Director of National Intelligence to produce a report detailing Iran’s support for Hezbollah and other Iranian proxies in the Middle East, also including how these proxies pose a threat to Israel. After the report is completed, the bill requires the President submit a strategy to Congress on how to counter Iranian proxy forces. The bill was referred to the Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Sen. Graham (R-SC) Introduces S.4324
On July 27, Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC) introduced the Restoring Critical Supply Chains and Intellectual Property Act (S.4324) which stipulates that any recipients of money appropriated by the bill will lose their grant money if they work with Iran for any joint research or technology licensing effort. The Act specifically aims to facilitate more domestic production, research, and development of personal protective equipment and semiconductors. The bill was referred to the Committee on Finance.
H.R.7608 Passes the House
On July 24, the House passed a bill making appropriations for the Department of State and U.S. foreign operations for the next year (H.R.7608). The bill requires a notification process through the Committees on Appropriations for funds to be spent in Bahrain, Iraq, Iran, and Yemen, while strictly prohibiting spending that legitimizes the government of Iran or its proxies in any way. Funds are appropriated for counterterrorism activity and financial assistance in Iraq, including to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and no less than $10 million will be set aside for programs promoting accountability for genocide and war crimes in Iraq and Syria. Funding for programs relating to Iran will be determined by accompanying reports on Iran’s nuclear activity and the status and impact of U.S. sanctions on Iran, and funds are appropriated for humanitarian and stabilization aid in Yemen. Lastly, none of the funds for international military education and training can be used as assistance for the government of Saudi Arabia. It was first introduced by Rep. Nita Lowey (D-NY17) on July 13.
Pres. Trump Bypasses Congress and an Arms Control Pact to Sell Armed Drones, Likely to Saudi Arabia and UAE
The Trump administration announced on July 24 that it would bypass Congress in order to approve the sale of large armed drones, which has long been of interest to Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The decision also bypasses the Missile Technology Control Regime, an international agreement formed in 1987 between 35 member states that has been credited with slowing weapons proliferation. Saudi Arabia and the UAE are expected to be among the first buyers of the drones despite considerable Congressional resistance to U.S. arms exports to the two countries, both of which are accused of human rights violations and causing civilian deaths in the war in Yemen. The move also threatens to undermine the Missile Technology Control Regime’s non-proliferation power, which has been limiting global exports of missile technology to Iran. Source: NYT
Senate Passes the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (S.4049)
On July 23, the Senate passed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021. The bill allocated $68,340,000 for a naval facility in Bahrain, $26,000,000 for an Air Force facility in Qatar, and $322,500,000 for continued counterterrorism activities in Syria, Iraq, and Iran. Specifically, the bill calls for an assessment of how cyber strategy could play into U.S. campaigns in Iran, the effect of lifting a U.S. arms embargo on Iran, potential Iranian influence in Afghanistan, and Iranian nuclear weapons activity. The bill also requires plans for a timeframe for construction projects in Iraq, a description of how funding will strengthen the U.S.-Iraq relationship, and approval for a number of Qatar-funded construction projects at Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar. Funds from the bill are restricted from going to any entity that partners with Iran for research or technology licensing. The bill was introduced by Senator James Inhofe (R-OK) on June 23 and has now been sent to the House.
Rep. Allred (D-TX32) Introduces H.Res.1062
On July 23, Rep. Colin Allred (D-TX32) introduced a resolution affirming the nature and importance of the United States-Iraq bilateral relationship, including security and economic components of the relationship, citing partnership against ISIS and Iran in particular as evidence of the relationship’s importance. The resolution calls on the U.S. to support Iraqi security and sovereignty while continuing to provide humanitarian programs like supporting internally displaced Iraqis and supplying medical aid to combat COVID-19. In turn, it calls for Iraq to protect U.S. diplomats and service members in Iraq and continue the Strategic Dialogues between the two countries. It was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Ways and Means.
Rep. Chabot (R-OH01) Introduces H.Res.1061
Rep. Steve Chabot (R-OH01) introduced H.Res.1061 which condemns the Syrian regime, Iran, and Russia for the war crimes they committed in Idlib, Syria and calls for a political solution to the Syrian civil war. The resolution condemns Iran’s involvement in assisting Syrian forces in an offensive in early 2019 to retake Idlib, stating that the offensive violated the Sochi agreement and caused the worst humanitarian conditions since the beginning of the conflict in 2011. It also condemns war crimes committed by Iran in targeting civilians, hospitals, and schools in Syria. The resolution was introduced and referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on July 22.
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R.6395) Passed the House
On July 21, the House passed a bill to authorize appropriations for the military activities of the Department of Defense in 2021. The bill allocates $68,340,000 for a naval facility in Bahrain and $845,000,000 for equipment to counter ISIS. The bill expresses support for strengthening ties with Qatar and appropriates funds for a series of military construction projects at Al Udeid Air Base. It calls for a report of U.S. weapons sales to Saudi Arabia and the UAE, prohibiting the use of these weapons in the war in Yemen, and calls on Saudi Arabia and the UAE to support reconstruction in Yemen. It requires reports on the war in Yemen and expresses support for peace and resolution efforts. The bill calls for the support of Kurds in Iraq and further cooperation with Iraq to combat terrorism. It also calls for reports on Al-Qaeda members traveling to or from Iran, malign Iranian influence in Afghanistan and Venezuela, Iranian-backed militias in Iraq, Iranian military bases, and Iranian support for the Yemeni Houthis. The bill emphasizes support for Israel in the face of threats from Iran and the importance of keeping cyber and space technology from Iran. It also calls for Kuwait to pay overdue medical debts to the U.S. The bill was introduced in the House by Rep. Adam Smith (D-WA09) on March 26.
Rep. Serrano (D-NY15) Introduces H.R.7667
On July 16, Rep. Jose Serrano (D-NY15) introduced the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2021 (H.R.7667), which includes precautions against Iranian cyber threats. The bill prohibits NASA or the National Science Foundation from using funds appropriated by the bill to acquire an information system that poses any threat of cyber-espionage or sabotage by Iran, as determined by the FBI or another appropriate assessment conducted on the federal level. This specification also applies to China, Russia, and North Korea.
Rep. Ryan (D-OH13) Introduces Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 2021, H.R.7611
On July 14, Rep. Tim Ryan (D-OH13) introduced the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 2021 (H.R.7611) which includes a section requiring government agencies to work with the FBI or another federal entity to investigate any technology owned or connected to Iran in order to assess the risk of cyber-espionage or sabotage before using it. The stipulation also applies to China, Russia, and North Korea.
Rep. Lowey (D-NY17) Introduces H.R.7608
On July 13, Rep. Nita Lowey (D-NY17) introduced a bill making appropriations for the Department of State and U.S. foreign operations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2021. The bill requires a notification process through the Committees on Appropriations for funds to be spent in Bahrain, Iraq, Iran, and Yemen, while strictly prohibiting spending that legitimizes the government of Iran or its proxies in any way. Funds are appropriated for counterterrorism activity and financial assistance in Iraq, including to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and no less than $10 million will be set aside for programs promoting accountability for genocide and war crimes in Iraq and Syria. Funding for programs in Iran will be determined by accompanying reports on Iran’s nuclear activity and the status and impact of U.S. sanctions on Iran, and funds are appropriated for humanitarian and stabilization aid in Yemen. Lastly, none of the funds for international military education and training can be used as assistance for the government of Saudi Arabia.
Sen. Peters (D-MI) Introduces the National Commission on United States Counterterrorism Policy Act of 2020, S.4169
On July 2, Senator Gary Peters (D-MI) introduced S.4169, a bill to establish a National Commission on United States Counterterrorism Policy which will in part study terrorist threats connected to Iran. The bill specifically calls for the Commission to study potential new and emerging terrorist threats in places where Iran, China, and Russia operate. After introduction, it was referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
Rep. Crow (D-CO06) Introduces H.R.7343
On June 25, Rep. Jason Crow (D-CO06) introduced H.R.7343, also referred to as the Afghanistan Partnership and Transparency Act. The Act calls for a report to assess the movements of members of Al-Qaeda and its affiliates between Iran and Afghanistan in addition to other issues, such as the impacts of U.S. withdrawal. The Act was referred to the Committee on Armed Services and Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Sen. Markey (D-MA) Introduces the HALT Act of 2020, S.4045
On June 23, Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) introduced the Hastening Arms Limitations Talks (HALT) Act of 2020 (S.4045) which cites the U.S. withdrawal from the JCPOA as a failure to limit Iranian nuclear activity and a reason to reengage with international negotiations focused on nuclear arms reduction. The bill was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Sen. Inhofe (R-OK) Introduces S.4049
On June 23, Senator Jim Inhofe (R-OK) introduced a bill to authorize appropriations for the military activities of the Department of Defense in 2021. The bill allocated $68,340,000 for a naval facility in Bahrain, $26,000,000 for an Air Force facility in Qatar, and $322,500,000 for continued defense activities in Syria, Iraq, and Iran. Specifically, the bill calls for an assessment of how cyber strategy could play into U.S. campaigns in Iran, plans for a timeframe for construction projects in Iraq, a description of how funding will strengthen the U.S.-Iraq relationship, and approval for a number of Qatar-funded construction projects at Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar. The Senate referred the bill to the Committee on Armed Services.
Rep. Connolly (D-VA11) Introduces H.Res.1008
On June 18, Rep. Gerald Connolly (D-VA11) introduced a resolution focused on upholding the civil liberties and civil rights of Iranian Americans and condemning bigotry, violence, and discrimination. The day before, the Senate introduced a similar resolution (S.Res.626). The resolution honors the contributions of Iranian Americans to the American economy and society and calls for an investigation by the Department of Homeland Security into detentions of Iranian Americans at U.S. borders. After introduction, the resolution was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Homeland Security.
Sen. Blumenthal (D-CT) Introduces S.Res.626
On June 17, Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) introduced a resolution to uphold the civil liberties and civil rights of Iranian Americans and to condemn bigotry, violence, and discrimination. The resolution honors the contributions of Iranian Americans to the American economy and society and calls for an investigation by the Department of Homeland Security into detentions of Iranian Americans at U.S. borders. It was then referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Rep. McCaul (R-TX10) Introduces CHIPS for America Act, H.R.7178
Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX10) introduced the CHIPS for America Act (H.R.7178), which aims to restore U.S. leadership in semiconductor manufacturing while limiting economic partnerships with Iran by creating Federal incentives for research and development. The bill states that any recipients of grant money from the Act will have their money revoked if they partner with Iran for any research or technology licensing. This stipulation also applies to China, Russia, and North Korea. The Act was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and the Committees on Ways and Means, Armed Services, Financial Services, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs on June 11.
Sen. Rubio (R-FL) Introduces S.3905
Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) introduced S.3905, a bill laying out appropriations for U.S. intelligence activities in 2021. The bill calls for the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency to send Congress a report on the predicted outcomes of lifting the UN embargo on Iran with a focus on potential Iranian arms transfers and the impact they could have on the region, especially in relation to Shi’a militia groups. The bill also calls for the Director of National Intelligence to send Congress a report on all Iranian activity relating to nuclear weapons.
Rep. Engel (D-NY16) Introduces H.R.7028
As part of the National Commission on U.S. Counterterrorism Policy Act of 2020 introduced by Rep. Eliot Engel (D-NY16) on May 27, the National Commission on U.S. Counterterrorism Policy established by the bill will study potential new terrorism threats in contested environments influenced by U.S. competitors, including Iran. The bill was referred to the House Committee on Homeland Security.
Rep. McGovern (D-MA02) Introduces H.R.6986
On May 22, Rep. James McGovern (D-MA02) introduced the Protecting Human Rights During Pandemic Act the day after the introduction of a similar bill in the Senate, calling out the Iranian government for restricting the ability of journalists and others to distribute or publish information related to COVID-19. The bill outlines how this is a violation of human rights and free speech and calls for U.S. government programs to combat it. The bill was first referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs and then later the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations.
House Passes the Heroes Act (H.R. 6800)
The Heroes Act, the second stimulus bill in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, mentioned Iran when reaffirming federal banking regulations and specified that customer bank accounts cannot be terminated or restricted unless they are considered a threat to national security, which includes having ties to Iran, Syria, or other countries deemed to be state sponsors of terrorism. The bill, passed in the House on May 21, 2020, expands a wide range of government programs and policies and provides emergency funding to individuals and government agencies across all levels. The Heroes Act now awaits a vote in the Senate.
Sen. Menendez (D-NJ) Introduces S.R.595 and S.R.600
On May 21, Senator Robert Menendez (D-NJ) introduced two identical resolutions recognizing widening threats to freedoms of the press and expression around the world, criticizing Saudi Arabia and Iran as some of the world’s most censored countries. The resolutions call out Saudi Arabia specifically for the disappearing and imprisonment of female Saudi journalists and for the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi by a team of Saudi operatives under the instruction of Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman. Both resolutions were referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Sen. Wyden (D-OR) introduces S.Res.578
On May 14, Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) introduced a Senate resolution condemning Iran’s state-sponsored persecution of its Baha’i minority and its continued violation of the International Covenants on Human Rights. The resolution describes instances of Baha’i persecution by Iranian forces, such as the direction of Iraninan authorities to harass Baha’is in Houthi controlled areas of Yemen, and calls on the government of Iran to release detained Baha’is and reverse discriminatory policies against them. It was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Sen. Cassidy (R-LA) Introduces S.3687
On May 12, Senator Bill Cassidy (R-LA) introduced S.3687, a bill to take certain actions in response to Saudi Arabia’s aggression towards the United States petroleum industry. The bill calls for the removal of U.S. Armed Forces from Saudi Arabia and the enactment of a tariff on petroleum imports from Saudi Arabia to keep the price of petroleum products over $40 per barrel. The bill was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Senate Fails to Override Veto on S.J.Res.68
On May 7, 2020, the Senate failed to override a presidential veto on S.J.Res.68, a joint resolution to direct the removal of U.S. Armed Forces from hostilities against Iran that have not been authorized by Congress. The joint resolution was originally introduced on January 9, shortly after the assassination of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani, and passed in both the Senate and the House in the following months. The failure to override the veto represents an unsuccessful attempt on behalf of Congress to limit President Trump’s power to order U.S. military action in Iran.
Sen. Menendez (D-NJ) Introduces the COVID-19 International Response and Recovery Act of 2020
The COVID-19 International Response and Recovery Act of 2020 (S.3669) introduced in the Senate on May 7 calls for extending visa expiration dates for visas issued under the Refugee Crisis in Iraq Act of 2007. The bill also calls for increased support for the recipients of Afghan and Iraqi special immigrant visas, such as resuming their arrivals to the U.S. and providing $1,200 in cash assistance directly to participants in the program who have arrived to the U.S. in the last year. After being introduced by Senator Robert Menendez (D-NJ), the bill was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Sen. Menendez (D-NJ) Introduces the Consular and Administrative Support Act of 2020
As a part of the Consular and Administrative Support Act of 2020 (S.3667) introduced in the Senate on May 7, visa expiration dates will be extended for visas issued under the Refugee Crisis in Iraq Act of 2007. Introduced by Senator Robert Menendez (D-NJ), the bill also increases paid leave for some employees and creates a repatriation task force during major infectious disease outbreaks. It was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act Signed into Law
On April 24, 2020, President Trump signed the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (H.R.266) into law. As it passed in the House, the bill specified that none of the funds provided by the bill could be used to purchase telecommunications equipment made in Iran. However, this section was removed along with other significant portions of the bill as it was amended in the Senate. The bill is now public law.
Rep. Banks (R-IN03) Introduces the Online Consumer Protection Act of 2020
On April 21, 2020, Rep. Jim Banks (R-IN03) introduced the Online Consumer Protection Act of 2020 (H.R.6570), a bill that requires a warning be shown to consumers before they download any software made in or affiliated with Iran. The Act also applies to software related to China, Russia, North Korea, Syria, Sudan, and any other country determined to be a state-sponsor of terrorism by the U.S. government. After introduction, the bill was referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.
Rep. Smith (D-WA09) Introduces H.R.6395
On March 26, 2020, Rep. Adam Smith (D-WA09) introduced a bill to authorize appropriations for the military activities of the Department of Defense in 2021. The bill allocated $68,340,000 for a naval facility in Bahrain, $26,000,000 for an Air Force facility in Qatar, and $845,000,000 for equipment to counter ISIS. The House referred the bill to the Committee on Armed Services.
Senator Cramer (R-ND) Introduces the Strained Partnership Act (S.3572)
On March 24, 2020, Senator Kevin Cramer (R-ND) introduced a bill that requires all U.S. Armed Forces and equipment be removed from Saudi Arabia within 90 days of the bill passing. The bill would also require that certain military equipment be relocated to other locations in the Middle East. The bill was referred to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.
House passes H.Res.905, amending H.Res.891
On March 19, 2020, the House passed a resolution to extend the amount of time of consideration of a previous resolution (H.Res.891), which calls for the removal of all unauthorized U.S. Armed Forces from hostilities against Iran. The resolution amended House Resolution 891, which passed in the House allowing for the consideration of Senate Joint Resolution 68. This roundabout adjustment to the timeframe allowed for proceedings to take place in the house relating to S.J.Res 68 until March 29, 2020.
Senator Coons (D-DE) Introduces S.Res.545
On March 17, 2020, Senator Chris Coons (D-DE) introduced a resolution in tandem with H.Res.902 commemorating March 17, 2020 as the 40th anniversary of the Refugee Act of 1980, reaffirming House support for the refugee resettlement programs in Iraq and Afghanistan and for refugees in danger because they aligned themselves with the U.S. The resolution calls a bipartisan commitment within the U.S. government to fund and support refugee protection and resettlement programs. It was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Rep. Garcia (D-TX29) Introduces H.Res.902
On March 13, Rep. Sylvia Garcia (D-TX29) introduced a resolution commemorating March 17, 2020 as the 40th anniversary of the Refugee Act of 1980, reaffirming House support for the refugee resettlement programs in Iraq and Afghanistan and for refugees in danger because they aligned themselves with the US. The resolution calls a bipartisan commitment within the US government to fund and support refugee protection and resettlement programs. It was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary.
Congressman Huizenga Introduces H.R.6243
On March 12, 2020, Congressman Bill Huizenga (R-MI) introduced “Block Iranian Access to U.S. Banks Act of 2020” bill to prohibit Secretary of Treasury from authorizing financial services by the U.S. financial institutions with Iran. The bill cited previous reports from State Department and Department of the Treasury about Iran’s involvement in money laundering and sponsoring terrorism.
Senator Cardin (D-MD) Introduces S. Res. 539
Senator Ben Cardin (D-MD) introduced a resolution to declare the Senate’s support for the rights of protestors in Iran, and to condemn the government’s crackdown against protestors.
Congressman Hill (R-AR02) Introduces H.R. 6081
Congressman J. French Hill (R-AR02) introduced a bill to require that funds obtained by corrupt Iranian officials be made public. Additionally, the bill would require an annual report to Congress regarding the means by which corrupt officials are procuring funds in Iran.
Rep. Steil (R-WI01) Introduces H.R. 6015
Representative Bryan Steil (R-WI01) introduced a bill that allows the Secretary of the Treasury to place sanctions on financial institutions abroad that are knowingly conducting business with INSTEX, the channel that allowed European nations to circumvent U.S. sanctions on Iran.
Senator Toomey (R-PA) Introduces S. Res. 509
Senator Pat Toomey (R-PA) introduced a bill calling on the United Nations Security Council to extend travel restrictions and an arms embargo on Iran that is set to expire in October 2020. The embargo and restrictions were first enacted in 2015. The bill is co-sponsored by Senator Jacky Rosen (D-NV)
Senator Markey (D-MA) Introduces S.3314
Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) introduced a bill calling on the U.S. to ensure that all tensions with Iran are resolved diplomatically. Among other policies, the bill calls on the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, also known as the Iran nuclear agreement
Senate Passes S.J. Res. 68 (55Y-45N)
The Senate passed a War Power’s Resolution to limit the President’s ability to engage militarily with Iran without first getting Congress’ approval. The bill was introduced on January 9, 2020 by Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) in the aftermath of the killing of Qassem Soleimani. The bill is notable due to the fact that 8 Republican Senators joined with Democrats in voting ‘yea.’ These include Sen(s). Alexander (R-TN), Cassidy (R-LN), Collins (R-ME), Lee (R-UT), Moran (R-KS), Murkowski (R-AK), Paul (R-KY), and Young (R-IN). Next, the bill will be considered by the House of Representatives.
Rep. Ted Deutch (D-FL22) Introduces H. Res. 823
Congressman Ted Deutch (D-FL22) introduced a bill to condemn the Iranian government’s persecution of its minority Baha’i community.
The bill cites several instances of persecution, including the fact that since 2005 over 1,168 Baha’is have been arrested and imprisoned, and since 2013 there have been over 803 reported incidents violating the economic rights of Baha’is in Iran.
House Passes H.R. 2456 (236Y-166N)
The House of Representatives passed a bill to repeal the Authorization for the Use of Military Force that was used by the Bush Administration to invade Iraq in 2002, and has since been used by the Trump Administration to justify the congressionally unauthorized killing of Iran’s Qassem Soleimani. The bill passed as an amendment to H.R. 5671 (Merchant Mariners of World War II Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2020).
House Passes H.R. 5443 (228Y-175N)
The House of Representatives passed Rep. Ro Khanna’s (D-CA17) “No War With Iran Act” in a 228Y-175N vote as an amendment to H.R. 5671 (Merchant Mariners of World War II Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2020). H.R. 5543 was originally introduced on January 7th, 2020.
House Agrees to H. Res. 752
In a voice vote, the U.S. House of Representatives agreed to Rep. Theodore Deutch’s bill to support the protest rights of the Iranian people, and condemn the Iranian government’s crackdown on protests.
Rep. Engel (D-NY16) Introduces H. Res. 795
House Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Eliot Engel (D-NY16) introduced a bill to support the commitment of the United States to lawfully protect international cultural sites. The bill references the President’s threats to attack sites of importance to Iranian heritage and culture and resolves that the House does not support discussion of such attacks.
Senator Graham Introduces S. Res. 469
Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC) introduced a bill to support Iranian protestors and condemn actions of the Iranian government against demonstrations. The bill is in response to protests that have taken place since Iran admitted to accidentally shooting down a Ukranian Airlines flight. The bill calls on Iran to refrain from using violence against protestors, and condemns Tehran for allegedly lying about the circumstances that led to the plane crash
Rep. McCarthy (R-CA23) Introduces H. Res. 791
House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-CA23) introduced a bill to support Iranian protestors and condemn actions of the Iranian government against demonstrations. The bill is in response to protests that have taken place since Iran admitted to accidentally shooting down a Ukranian Airlines flight. The bill calls on Iran to refrain from using violence against protestors, and condemns Tehran for allegedly lying about the circumstances that led to the plane crash.
House Passes S. Con. Res. 63 (224Y-194N)
After having been introduced on January 8, 2020, the House of Representatives has passed the resolution in a 224Y-194N vote. The vote saw 8 Democrats and 3 Republicans crossing party lines.
Rep. Crenshaw Introduces H. Res. 783
Congressman Dan Crenshaw (R-TX02) introduced a resolution to honor the members of the United States military and intelligence communities who enabled and carried out the mission that killed IRGC Quds Force leader Qassem Soleimani.
Senator Udall (D-NM) Introduces S. Con. Res. 33
Senator Tom Udall (D-NM) introduced a concurrent resolution to terminate the use of hostilities directed at Iran that have yet to be approved by Congress. The bill is the Senate counterpart to H. Con. Res. 83, agreed to in the House of Representatives on January 9th, 2020.
Sen. Markey (D-MA) Introduces S. Res. 465
Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) introduced a resolution condemning the President’s alleged threats to violate the laws of armed conflict as they pertain to Iran. The legislation is similar to a bill introduced on January 7th, 2020, also introduced by Senator Markey, that states that targeting Iranian cultural sites is a war crime. This bill emphasizes that the U.S. criticized Al-Qaeda, ISIS and the Taliban for targeting cultural sites. The bill goes on to describe such threats as a ‘disproportionate’ response in violation of the Geneva Convention.
Rep. Slotkin (D-MI08) Introduces H. Con. Res. 63
Congresswoman Elissa Slotkin (D-MI08) introduced a War Powers Resolution to terminate the use of hostilities against Iran that have not been approved by Congress. The bill comes in response to the killing of Iranian military leader Qassem Soleimani, which occurred at the direction of the President without Congressional approval. Should the bill be enacted, it will require that the U.S. discontinue military engagement with Iran until Congress declares war. The bill makes exceptions for military action directed at Al-Qaeda.
Senator Sanders (I-VT) Introduces S. 3159
Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT), introduced a bill to limit the President’s ability to utilize funds for military action against Iran that have not been authorized by Congress. The bill is the Senate counterpart to H.R. 5543, introduced in the House on January 7th, 2020 by Congressman Ro Khanna (D-CA17).
Senator Merkley (D-OR) Introduces S.J Res 64
Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced a bill to clarify that neither the Authorization for Use of Military Force, nor the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002, allow the President to use military force against Iran. The bipartisan legislation is co-sponsored by Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) and was introduced immediately following a Senate briefing that took place on January 8th, 2020, regarding the killing of Qassem Soleimani.
Rep. Omar (D-MN05) Introduces H.J Res 82
Congresswoman Ilhan Omar (D-MN05) introduced a War Powers Resolution to remove United States armed forces from deployment related to hostilities against Iran that have not been approved by Congress. The legislation has been introduced under the War Powers Resolution, meaning that the Congresswoman can force consideration of the bill. If enacted the bill would require the withdrawal of U.S. armed forces engaged in hostilities against Iran not approved by Congress within 30 days.
Rep. Khanna (D-CA17) Introduces H.R. 5543
Congressman Ro Khanna (D-CA17) introduced a bill to prohibit the use of funds for military engagement with Iran that have not been approved by Congress. The bill clarifies that the Authorization for Use of Military Force cannot be construed to apply to Iran. H.R 5543 has been introduced as a War Powers Resolution, meaning that the Congressman can force consideration of the bill.
Senator Markey (D-MA) Introduces S. Con. Res 32
Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) introduced a bill to express that it is the sense of Congress that attacks on Iranian cultural sites constitute war crimes. The introduction of the bill comes after a tweet from President Trump threatened retaliation against Iranian cultural heritage sites. The bill cites the Geneva Convention.
Senator Kaine Introduces S.J Res 63
Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) introduced a War Powers Resolution to prevent President Trump from going to war with Iran without first obtaining congressional authorization. The introduction of the legislation was in direct response to the January 2nd, 2020 strike ordered by President Trump that killed Qasim Suleimani, leader of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ Quds force. Given that the legislation has been introduced under the War Powers Act, it has a privileged status and therefore is guaranteed to receive a vote.
2019Rep. Gabbard Introduces H. Res. 771
Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI02) introduced a bill to formally censure President Trump for a variety of actions that allegedly, “abused the powers of the Presidency for his own personal gain.” Among the reasons listed for this congressional censure are continued support for the Saudi coalition in Yemen that has caused, “death, suffering and starvation,” as well as actions addressing Iran that “[increase] the risk of nuclear war, nuclear proliferation, and war with Iran.” Congresswoman Gabbard introduced the bill as an alternative to impeachment.
Rep. Deutch (D-FL22) Introduces H.Res. 752
Congressman Theodore Deutch (D-FL22) introduced a resolution expressing Congress’ support for the rights of the Iranian people to freely express themselves, and condemn the Iranian government’s recent crackdown against protestors.
Rep. Joe Wilson (R-SC02) Introduces H.R. 5276
Congressman Joe Wilson (R-SC02) introduced a bill seeking to require a report into whether certain Iraqi officials violated the Global Magnitsky Act for abuses against protestors, thusly making them eligible for sanctions. The legislation states that it is Congress’ finding that, “[Iraq]…us[ed] unprecedented repressive measures against protestors.” If passed, the bill would require a report on such measures to determine suitability for sanctions within 90 days.
Senator Sullivan Introduces S.2950
Senator Dan Sullivan (R-AK) introduced a bill to concede that veterans of the First Gulf War were exposed to airborne hazards and toxins from burn pits during deployment in the Southwest Theatre of Operations. If passed, the bill would direct the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide medical examinations to veterans seeking to determine a causal link between chronic symptoms and burn pit exposure on the Arabian Peninsula.
Rep. Cheney (R-WY-At Large) Introduces H.R. 5086
Chair of the House Republican Conference Congresswoman Liz Cheney (R-WY-At Large) introduced a bill to prevent President Trump from renewing civil nuclear sanctions waivers for Iran. In the upper chamber, Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) has introduced a similar version of the bill.
Senator Cruz (R-TX) Introduces S.2874
Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) introduced a bill to prevent President Trump from renewing civil nuclear sanctions waivers for Iran. In the lower chamber, Congresswoman Liz Cheney (R-WY-At Large) has introduced a similar bill.
Rep. Slotkin (D-MI08) introduces H. Res. 705
Congresswoman Elissa Slotkin (D-MI08) introduced a resolution to formally recognize the accomplishments of the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS in Iraq. Also, the resolution expresses the U.S.’ commitment to maintaining alliances with members of the coalition including each of the GCC states, in addition to Yemen and Iraq.
Rep. Nadler Introduces H.R. 5128
Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee Congressman Jerry Nadler (D-NY10) introduced a bill calling on the FBI and the Directorate of National Intelligence to declassify information related to Saudi Arabia’s alleged assistance in helping a Saudi national leave the United States while awaiting trial. A similar version of the bill passed the Senate on October 17th, 2019.
Rep. Cleaver (D-MO05) Introduces H. Res. 671
Congressman Emanuel Cleaver (D-MO05) introduced a bill to call on the United Arab Emirates to end all activities that enable money-laundering to help Iran evade U.S. sanctions.
The bill acknowledges past collaboration between the U.S. and the UAE to combat money laundering, however goes on to highlight continued shortcomings and calls on the UAE to work harder to stop the practice.
Senator Isakson (R-GA) Introduces S. Res. 395
Senator Johnny Isakson (R-GA) introduced a bill to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Iran Hostage Crisis. The bill calls for November 4th, 2019 to be designated as a national day of remembrance in memory of the ordeal.
Rep. Gabbard (HI-02) Introduces H. Res. 663
At a press conference in New York City Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI02) announced that today she is reintroducing H. Res 663 , to require the FBI and the intelligence community to release the findings of an investigation into the Saudi Arabian government’s alleged involvement in the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. Congresswoman Gabbard is a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President in 2020.
House Passes H.R. 4842
After having been introduced on October 21, 2019, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 4842 by a voice vote. If enacted, the bill will make funds available to construct a U.S. – pavilion at the 2020 World Expo in Dubai.
Rep. Phillips Introduces H.R. 4842
Congressman Dean Phillips (D-MN03) introduced a bill to provide funds for a United States pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai. Included within the bill is a stipulation that within 180 days prior to the pavilion’s opening, the Department of State must release a report providing an update on the United Arab Emirates’ human rights record.
Senate Passes S.2635
On the same day the bill was introduced by Senator Ron Wyden, the Senate passed S.2635 by unanimous consent. Up next, the bill will be considered by the House of Representatives.
Senator Wyden (D-OR) Introduces S. 2635
Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) introduced a bill that, if enacted, would require the release of information related to an investigation into whether the government of Saudi Arabia assisted any Saudi nationals from leaving the United States while under criminal investigation.
Rep. Latta (R-OH0511) Introduces H. Res. 597
Congressman Robert Latta (R-OH05) introduced a bill citing the recent attacks on the Abqaiq oil facilities as the primary reason to support access to all domestic energy sources so that the United States can achieve full energy security.
The bill mentions how in 2018 9% of all petroleum imports were from KSA, and also mentions the out-size role of the geopolitics of OPEC states in influencing energy markets.
Rep. Connolly (D-VA11) Introduces H.R. 4507
Congressman Gerald Connolly (D-VA11) introduced a bill that would prohibit arms sales to Saudi Arabia for 120 days, investigate whether Saudi intelligence officials intimidate or harass Saudi nationals in the United States, close Saudi facilities being used to surveil Saudi nationals, and review U.S. intelligence to determine if it fulfilled its duty to warn Jamal Khashoggi of the potential threats he faced.
Senate Confirms U.S. Ambassador to UAE
The United States Senate confirmed Mr. John Rakolta to serve as the new U.S. Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates in a 63Y to 30N vote. Mr. Rakolta was first nominated for the post by President Trump in March 2018 and has been vacant since.
Senator Klobuchar (D-MN) Introduces S. 2493
Senator Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) introduced a bill that would establish the Malign Foreign Influence Response Center within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. The legislation lists Iran as one of four countries that have attempted, or are attempting, to enact foreign influence campaigns against the United States.
Senator Rubio Sends Letter concerning Bahrain
Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) led a group of Senators in sending a letter to President Trump raising awareness of “Bahrain’s worsening human rights record and the implications for U.S. security.” The letter mentions the cases of high-profile jailed opposition leaders including Nabeel Rajab, Sheikh Ali Salman, Abdulhadi Al Khawaja and Dr. Aduljalil Al Singace. The letter was co-signed by Senators Chris Murphy (D-CN) and Ron Wyden (D-OR).
Senate Committee Approves Amdt. to S.2474
An amendment proposed by Senator Chris Murphy (D-CN) amending the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2020 (S.2474) was approved in a voice vote by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.
If passed, the amendment would prohibit U.S. support for the Arab Coalition in Yemen until the Secretary of Defense can certify that U.S. – manufactured weapons are not being transferred to Yemeni proxy groups.
Congressional Delegation visits Saudi Arabia, UAE and Oman
Just prior to the Senate returning to Washington D.C. after the August recess, Senators Angus King (I-ME) and Todd Young (R-IN) took part in a Congressional Delegation that visited Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Oman.
Notable from the trip was a meeting between the two Senators and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, during which King and Young reportedly questioned the ruler concerning the October 2018 murder of Jamal Khashoggi. Of his thoughts on the incident after the meeting Senator King shared, “The people involved have to be held accountable and I think he has to take on some level of responsibility, whether or not he gave the order.”
Senator Chris Coons (D-DE) Introduces S. 2351
Senator Chris Coons (D-DE) introduced a bill to ‘promote Human Rights and Accountability in Saudi Arabia.’ The bill is the Senate version of Rep. Tom Malinowski’s (D-NJ07) H.R. 2037 which passed the House on July 15, 2019.
If enacted the bill would require the Department of State to release a report on human rights in Saudi Arabia, as well as potentially apply sanctions to Saudi actors responsible for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi. The bipartisan bill is co-sponsored by Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC).
Senator Van Hollen Introduces S. 2338
Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) introduced a bill that would impose strict nonproliferation conditions on the U.S. import-export bank, so as to ensure that tax-payer dollars do not finance the production of a Saudi-made nuclear weapon. The bipartisan legislation is co-sponsored by Senators Lindsey Graham (R-SC), Jeff Merkley (D-OR), and Jerry Moran (R-KS)
Senate Fails to Override Veto Concerning U.S. – Saudi/UAE Arms Sales
The Senate’s efforts, that began on June 5th, to block an impending sale of weapons to the UAE and Saudi Arabia ended when the Senate failed to reach the 60 vote threshold to overturn President Trump’s veto. The sales are now expected to proceed.
Foreign Relations Committee Advances S. 398 (13Y-19N)
Today, at a hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, a bill originally put forth by Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ) on February 7th, 2019 was advanced by a bipartisan group of Senators. If enacted the bill would place sanctions on individuals deemed responsible for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, and terminate arms-sales to Saudi Arabia.
Senator Risch (R-ID) Withdrawals S. 2066
After the Senate Foreign Relations Committee approved amendments to Senator Risch’s bill that would curb U.S. – Saudi Weapons sales, the Senator chose to withdrawal the bill from consideration. The bill was originally introduced on July 9th, 2019 and if enacted would place visa travel restrictions on members of the Saudi royal family.
Foreign Relations Committee Advances Nomination (15Y-7N)
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee advanced the nomination of John Rakolta to become the U.S. ambassador to the United Arab Emirates. The vote passed the committee by a 15Y-7N margin, with Senators Murphy (D-CN) and Coons (D-DE) joining their Republican colleagues. Next, the nomination will be considered by the full Senate.
Rep. Clay (D-MO01) Introduces H. Res 524
Rep. William Lacy Clay (D-MO01) introduced a bill to call on the UAE to end alleged human rights violations against political prisoners and prisoners of free speech.
President Trump Vetoes Bills Meant to Block Arms Sales to UAE & Saudi Arabia
After having passed both the Senate and the House of Representatives, President Donald Trump vetoed three measures that sought to disapprove of impending weapons sales to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
The collection of bills were originally introduced on June 5th, 2019. Up next, the Congress will likely attempt to override the veto, however, it is not expected that there are the votes to do so.
House Passes 22 Resolutions Related to Saudi Weapons Sales (237Y-190N & 238Y-190N)
In two separate votes the House of Representatives passed a collection of Saudi and Emirati arms sales disapprovals that had been passed by the Senate on June 20, 2019. The bills were originally introduced on June 5, 2019. Next, the bills will go to President Trump, who is expected to veto the measures.
Rep. Barbara Lee Introduces H. Res 495
Representative Barbara Lee (D-CA13) introduced a resolution urging President Trump to re-enter the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, otherwise known as the Iran Nuclear Agreement. Additionally, the bill calls on President Trump to pursue diplomatic efforts to reduce ongoing tensions between the U.S. and Iran.
House Passes H.R 2037 (407Y-7N)
The United States House of Representatives Passed H.R 2037. The bill was introduced on April 2, 2019 and, if enacted, instructs the Director of National Intelligence to produce a report outlining the actors responsible for last October’s murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Upon completion of the report, the bill instructs that sanctions related to visas and travel to the United States be placed on those found responsible in the report. The bill allows for these sanctions to be lifted if and when Saudi Arabia exhibits improvement in several areas related to human rights.
House Passes H.Res 129 (Voice Vote)
In a ‘voice vote,’ the House of Representatives has passed a bill condemning Saudi Arabia’s treatment of imprisoned female activists.
The bill, introduced on February 13th, 2019 found its impetus in the allegations that at least ten women are currently being detained and experiencing torture in Saudi Arabia. The bill mentions by name, Hatoon al-Fassi, Aziza al-Yousef and Loujain al-Hathloul.
Rep. Bilirakis Introduces H. Res. 482
Representative Gus Bilirakis (R-FL12) introduced a bill to state that it is the House of Representatives’ official position to promote peace amongst the Gulf Cooperation Council member states.
The explanatory section of the bill lists a variety of reasons as to why a unified GCC is an important ally of the United States, including: the bloc’s “stabilizing force” against Iran, and its assistance in defeating ISIS.
Additionally, the bill goes on to stress the importance of ending the Gulf Crisis due to the rift having undermined Middle Eastern Security.
The bipartisan resolution is co-sponsored by Rep. Carolyn Maloney (D-NY12) and
Senator Risch (R-ID) Introduces S. 2066
Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Jim Risch (R-ID) introduced a bill ‘to review United States Saudi Arabia Policy.’
Content of the bill has yet to be fully elaborated upon by Senator Risch’s office, however the politics surrounding the bill are already notable given that the Senator is a frequent ally of President Trump and therefore must write a bill that is acceptable to a President who rejected calls to blame the Saudi Government for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, and a Congressional majority comprised of Senate Democrats and a few crossover Republicans who continue to seek an acceptable way to reprimand the Kingdom for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi.
According to reporting from Politico, Senator Risch’s bill will be an attempt to forge a solution that can pass Congress and be signed by the President
Senate Calls for Investigation
Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ) sent a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, seeking clarification as to reports that weapons sold by the U.S. to the UAE ended up in the hands of General Haftar’s Libyan National Army. Specifically, the letter mentions the UAE’s alleged transfer of ‘javelin’ anti-armor missiles to these Libyan actors.
The letter calls on the State Department’s Inspector General to determine the veracity of these reports, and if this breach in law constitutes a reason to terminate weapons sales to the UAE.
Rep. Lofgren Introduces H. Con. Res. 51
Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren (D-CA19) introduced a bill calling on President Trump to respect the Emoluments Clause of the United States Constitution. The clause pertains to the receiving of foreign gifts and foreign corruption.
As evidence of potential violations of this clause the bill cites leases at Trump properties by the governments of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait and Iraq that have occurred during his Presidency. Specifically, the bill references a $270,000 bill paid for a lobbying firm by Saudi Arabia at a Trump property in Washington, D.C.
Senator Tom Cotton Introduces S. Con. Res. 21
Senator Tom Cotton (R-AS) introduced a bill condemning the human rights violations of the Houthi rebels in Yemen, particularly their cooperation with Iranian supporters.
The bill is unique given it follows months of legislation on Capitol Hill targeting the humanitarian consequences of Saudi Arabia’s actions. In contrast, Senator Cotton’s bill depicts Saudi Arabia as a victim, calling on the Senate to condemn Houthi attacks on Saudi civilian infrastructure and personnel. Additionally, the bill condemns the financial, moral and logistic support given to the Houthis by Iran and Iranian actors.
Rep. Speier (D-CA14) Introduces H. Res 472
Congresswoman Jackie Speier (D-CA14) introduced a bill calling on the President to strongly condemn the killing of Jamal Khashoggi, as well as the imprisonment of and violence against journalists worldwide. Additionally, the bill calls on the President to ‘hold accountable’ the actors responsible for Khashoggi’s killing.
Rep. Will Hurd (R-TX23) Introduces H. Con. Res. 50
Congressman Will Hurd (R-TX23) introduced a bill condemning the human rights violations of the Houthi rebels in Yemen, particularly their cooperation with Iranian supporters.
The bill is unique given it follows months of legislation on Capitol Hill targeting the humanitarian consequences of Saudi Arabia’s actions. In contrast, Rep. Hurd’s bill depicts Saudi Arabia as a victim, calling on the House to condemn Houthi attacks on Saudi civilian infrastructure and personnel. Additionally, the bill condemns the financial, moral and logistic support given to the Houthis by Iran and Iranian actors.
House Foreign Affairs Committee Marks Up H.R. 2037
On June 26th, 2019 the House Foreign Affairs Committee considered Rep. Tom Malinowski’s (D-NJ07) “Saudi Arabia and Human Rights Accountability Act of 2019.”
The bill was introduced on April 2, 2019 and, if enacted, instructs the Director of National Intelligence to produce a report outlining the actors responsible for last October’s murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi.
Upon completion of the report, the bill instructs that sanctions related to visas and travel to the United States be placed on those found responsible in the report.
The bill allows for these sanctions to be lifted if and when Saudi Arabia exhibits improvement in several areas related to human rights.
Senate Foreign Relations Committee Advances S. 1945
The Senate Foreign Affairs Committee advanced a bill by voice vote from Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ). Informally titled the ‘SAFE’ (Saudi Arabia False Emergencies) act, the bill seeks to close the loophole utilized by President Trump to bypass Congressional review of arms sales by declaring an ‘emergency.’
If passed, the bill would make it so the ‘emergency’ provision of the Arms Export Control Act could only apply to NATO allies, Australia, Israel, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand.
Although the bill does have bipartisan support from Lindsay Graham (R-SC), Rand Paul (R-KY) and Mike Lee (R-UT), the bill may not receive a floor vote due to opposition from Committee Chairman Jim Risch (R-ID) and other Republican leaders.
Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) Introduces Amendment 0842 (S. 1790)
Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) introduced an amendment to the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act that would use frozen Iranian assets to cover the cost of the American drone shot down by Iran on June 20th, 2019. Reports put the overall cost of the drone at $110 million USD.
Senate Passes 22 Resolutions Blocking Saudi Weapons Sale (51Y-45N)
On June 20, 2019 the Senate, in three separate measures, voted to block an impending sale of weapons that has been expedited by the Trump Administration.
On June 5th, 2019 upon notification that the Administration would seek to circumvent Congress, Senator Menendez (D-NJ) introduced 22 separate privileged resolutions seeking to block the sale.
Instead of voting on each bill separately, Senator Mitchel McConnell (R-KY) and Menendez agreed to vote on the bills in three packages.
Each of votes resulted in a 51Y-45N, with the ‘yeas’ expressing disapproval of the sale. Next the bills will be voted on in the House of Representatives.
House Armed Service Committee Passes H.R 2500 (33Y-24N)
On June 13th, 2019 the House Armed Services Committee passed the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal Year 2020. Next the bill will be considered by the full house. The bill had originally been introduced on May 2nd.
Included within the annual bill is an appropriation of up to $53,360,000 for Navy Construction projects in Bahrain, presumably for the Naval Support Activity base on the island.
Additionally, the bill includes a $1,045,000,000 overseas contingency appropriation for the “Counter Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Train and Equip” fund.
On June 14th, 2019 it was announced that a bill from the 115th Congress (H.R. 608 “Stop Arming Terrorists Act”) has been included in the version of H.R. 2500 forwarded by the committee.
Senate Rejects S.J. Res 20 (43Y-56N)
The Senate rejected a motion to discharge S.J Res 26 from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee by a 43Y-56N margin, with the “nays” being in favor of allowing the sale to proceed. This means the sale will not be blocked by the Senate.
The bill was introduced on May 13, 2019 by Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) and sought to block an upcoming sale of U.S. weaponry to the nation of Bahrain.
The bill was in response to a recent sale approved by the State Department on May 6, 2019 that includes several types of missiles and technologies related to Bahrain’s obtaining of F-16 block 70 aircraft, as well as modifications to Bahrain’s F-16V. The deal itself is valued at $750 million USD.
Senate Rejects S.J Res 26 (42Y-57N)
The Senate rejected a motion to discharge S.J. Res 26 from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee by a 42Y-57N margin, with the “nays” being in favor of allowing the sale to proceed. This means the sale will not be blocked by the Senate.
The bill was introduced on May 14, 2019 by Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) and sought to block an upcoming sale of U.S. weaponry to the nation of Qatar.
The bill was in response to an arms sale to Qatar that was approved by the State Department on May 6, 2019. Among other items, the sale is set to include an order for 24 Apache attack helicopters, a transaction valued at $3 billion USD.
Rep. Lieu Introduces H.J Res 62
Congressman Ted Lieu (D-CA33) introduced the House counterpart to a bill seeking to block 22 arms sales to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
The introduction of the legislation was announced following a hearing in the United States House of Representatives concerning the Trump Administration’s decision to greenlight these weapons sales without Congressional oversight by invoking an ‘emergency declaration.’
A similar resolution is circulating in the Senate, which is likely to be voted on next and is expected to pass.
Rep. Spanberger Introduces H.J Res 64
Congresswoman Abigail Spanberger (D-VA07) introduced a resolution that would specifically reject the transfer of U.S.-made weapons to Saudi Arabia and the UAE that utilize precision-guided munitions. The bill targets some of the 22 weapons transfers approved by the Trump Administration under his Congress-bypassing ‘emergency declaration.’
Congresswoman Spanberger is also a co-sponsor of legislation seeking to prevent each of these sales.
Rep. Cicilline Introduces H.J Res 61
Congressman David Cicilline (D-RI01) introduced a resolution that would reject the sale of certain precision-guided munitions to Saudi Arabia.
The bill is similar to legislation introduced on the same day by Congresswoman Abigail Spanberger (D-VA07) and Congressman Ted Lieu (D-CA33)
Senator Murphy Introduces S. Res 243
Senator Chris Murphy (D-CN) and Senator Todd Young (R-IN) introduced a bill invoking a section of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to require the Secretary of State to produce a report detailing the human rights practices of Saudi Arabia in Yemen. The bill has privileged status, which means the Senators can force actions related to the bill if the Foreign Relations Committee refuses to act.
Following the report’s deliverance to Congress, the bill also makes it so that Murphy and Young could force a vote on the overall U.S. – Saudi security relationship, with the ultimate goal of blocking a slew of impending arms sales.
Sen. Menendez Introduces 22 Arms Sales-Related Resolutions
Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ) introduced 22 separate resolutions seeking to block arms transfers to Saudi Arabia and the UAE that had been approved by the Trump Administration. The introduction of the resolutions comes after the Trump Administration attempted to bypass the authority given to the Senate by the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) to have 30 days to review all foreign U.S. arms sales. In order to do this, the Administration invoked “emergency authority,” a provision within the act that allows for the expedition of a sale. The resolutions appear to have bipartisan support, with co-sponsors including Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC) and Senator Rand Paul (R-KY). It is not entirely clear why separate resolutions were introduced for different aspects of the sale, however an additional provision of the AECA allows for these resolutions of disapproval to have ‘privileged status,’ meaning that the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee can force votes for each bill on the floor, without Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) having the opportunity to keep these measures from the Senate.
Rep. Gabbard Introduces H. Res 411
Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI02) introduced a bill seeking to classify Presidential pursuits of war (without approval from Congress) as qualifying for the ‘high crimes and misdemeanors’ definition of an impeachable offense.
While the bill does not mention any country by name, on June 17th, 2019 Congresswoman Gabbard stated at a campaign stop that the bill is meant as a safeguard against what she implied was President Trump’s illegal war with Iran.
Congresswoman Gabbard is a candidate for the Democratic Nomination for President in 2020.
President Trump Notifies Congress
President Donald Trump notified Congressional officials that he intends to use an overlooked window in the Arms Export Control Act, to guarantee the sale of precision-guided missiles to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates without the usually-required Congressional approval.
Senate Amendment Fails (9Y-13N)
On May 22, 2019 Senators Chris Murphy (D-CN) and Tom Udall (D-NM) forced a vote on an amendment to a bill that would restrict the President from using unapproved Congressional funds to finance military actions against Iran. Democrats on the Foreign Relations Committee voted unanimously in favor of the amendment, however, with only one aisle-crossing Republican vote from Senator Rand Paul (R-KY), the measure failed.
The failure to pass the amendment comes just a day after the House of Representatives passed Rep. Barbara Lee’s (R-TX13) amendment to overturn Authorization of the Use of Military Force Acts, in a similar goal of inhibiting the President’s options to go to war with Iran.
H. Res 129 Proceeds from Committee
After having been introduced to the House Foreign Affairs Committee by Rep. Lois Frankel (D-FL21) on February 13, 2019, a bill to express U.S. disapproval of the detention of Saudi women’s rights activists has unanimously been approved by the committee for consideration by the full House of Representatives.
House Appropriations Passes Rep. Lee Amendment (30Y-22N)
The House Appropriations Committee passed an amendment from Rep. Barbara Lee (D-TX13) to the 2020 Defense Appropriations Act (H.R 2839). The amendment pertains to the Authorization of the Use of Military Force Act of 2001 (AUMF) that allowed the President to go to war in Iraq. The amendment overrides the 2001 version of the AUMF, out of concerns that the authorization may too broadly allow the President to go to war with Iran. If the bill becomes law, the legislation gives Congress 8 months to develop a new AUMF. Up next, the full 2020 Defense Appropriations Act will be voted on by the full House of Representatives.
Rep. Pence (R-IN06) Introduces H.R 2790
Congressman Greg Pence (R-IN06) introduced the House iteration of a bill that seeks to make available Iranian financial assets to compensate American victims of Iranian terrorism. The bill specifically mentions those injured in the October 23, 1983 bombing of U.S. Marine Barracks in Beirut.
The bill comes in the midst of a flurry of Congressional activity regarding Iran.
Senator Cotton (R-AR) Introduces S.1529
Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) introduced the Senate iteration of a bill that seeks to make available Iranian financial assets to compensate American victims of Iranian terrorism. The bill specifically mentions those injured in the October 23, 1983 bombing of U.S. Marine Barracks in Beirut.
The bill comes in the midst of a flurry of Congressional activity regarding Iran.
Rep. Moulton Introduces H.J Res 58
Congressman Seth Moulton (D-MA06) introduced a bill making it so that any engagement in hostilities with Iran would require congressional approval. The bill is similar to other measures currently circulating Congress and comes after days of ratcheting tensions between the U.S. and Iran. Seth Moulton is currently a candidate for the Democratic Presidential Nomination in 2020.
Senator Paul Introduces S.J Res 26
Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) introduced a bill seeking to block an upcoming sale of U.S. weaponry to the nation of Qatar. The bill is in response to an arms sale to Qatar that was approved by the State Department on May 6, 2019. Among other items, the sale is set to include an order for 24 Apache attack helicopters, a transaction valued at $3 billion USD. The bill comes alongside two similar bills aimed at Bahrain and the UAE respectively, both of which seek to block recently approved weapons sales to these countries.
Senator Paul Introduces S.J Res 25
Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) introduced a bill seeking to block an upcoming sale of U.S. weaponry to the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The bill is seemingly in response to an arms sale to the UAE that was approved by the State Department on May 3, 2019. The potential sale includes several upgrades to various Patriot missile systems and is valued at $2.73 billion USD. The bill comes just one day after Sen. Paul introduced legislation seeking to block a similar sale to Bahrain.
Senator Paul Introduces S.J Res 20
Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) introduced a bill seeking to block an upcoming sale of U.S. weaponry to the nation of Bahrain. The bill is most likely in reference to a recent sale approved by the State Department on May 6, 2019 that includes several types of missiles and technologies related to Bahrain’s obtaining of F-16 block 70 aircraft, as well as modifications to Bahrain’s F-16V. The deal itself is valued at $750 million USD. Last year Senator Paul tried to block a sale of weapons to Bahrain, however, his legislation did not pass.
Rep. McClintock (R-CA04) Introduces H. Res 374
Rep. Tom McClintock (R-CA04) introduced a bill that condemns the Iranian government’s sponsoring of terrorism, and declares the House of Representative’s support of pro-Democracy reformers in Iran.
The resolution calls on the United States to work with Europe to hold Iran accountable for ‘diplomatic breaches’ in the Balkan States, with the eventual goal of closing Iranian embassies, particularly in Albania. Simultaneously, the bill reiterates American support for Iranians working to establish a secular Democratic Republic.
Senator Cotton (D-AR) Introduces S. Res 195
Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) introduced a bill celebrating the anniversary of the U.S.’ withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. The bill lists the perceived flaws of the Iran Nuclear Agreement, reiterates Congressional opposition to Iran ever acquiring a nuclear weapon and also states that it is the Senate’s position that Iran should not receive any sanctions relief. The bill is cosponsored by 12 Senate Republicans
Rep. Levin (D-MI09) Introduces H.R 2537
Congressman Andy Levin (D-MI09) introduced a bill extending the amount of time available to Iraqi nationals residing within the U.S. to have their cases heard in immigration court prior to deportation.
At a press conference, Congressman Levin told reporters, “Iraqi nationals with orders for removal must have the time it takes to have their cases heard individually in immigration court. Numerous Iraqi nationals, including many Chaldean Christians, will face persecution for their religion, their ethnicity or their ties to America if they are forced back to Iraq against their will. It is our duty to do everything we can to protect them.”
Rep. Smith (D-WA09) H.R 2500
Congressman Adam Smith (D-WA09) introduced the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020.
Included within the annual bill is an appropriation of up to $53,360,000 for Navy Construction projects in Bahrain, presumably for the Naval Support Activity base on the island.
Additionally, the bill includes a $1,045,000,000 overseas contingency appropriation for the “Counter Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Train and Equip” fund.
Senate Sustains Presidential Veto of S.J Res 7 (53Y-45N)
After having been vetoed by President Trump on April 16th, the Senate failed to override the Presidential veto of the Yemen War Powers Resolution by a 53Y-45N margin, with the ‘nays’ representing a supportive vote for the President.
In order to have overruled the veto, the Senate would have needed to muster a 2/3’s majority (67 ‘yea’ votes), a bar the Senate failed to achieve. The sustaining of this veto marks the end of several efforts to end U.S. support for the War in Yemen by invoking the War Powers Resolution. Although it achieved some historic legislative victories, it appears that for the time being U.S. support for the Arab Coalition in the war will continue
Rep. Lee (D-CA13) Introduces H.R 2456
Congresswoman Barbara Lee (D-CA13) introduced a bill to repeal the congressional authorizations that allowed the United States to initiate military action against Iraq in 2002.
Although primarily symbolic in nature, the bill comes after the introduction of similar Senate legislation by Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) that sought to repeal military-force authorizations related to the wars against Iraq citing 1991 and 2003.
Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-CA18) Introduces H.R 2354
Congresswoman Anna Eshoo (D-CA18) introduced the House iteration of the “Prevention of Unconstitutional War With Iran Act,” a bill of which a version had previously been introduced in the Senate by Senator Tom Udall (D-NM).
The bill would limit the ability of the Executive Branch to engage in “kinetic” military operations against Iran. The bill cites past statements and tweets by the President that to some indicate a ratcheting of tensions between the Trump Administration and Iran. If passed, the bill would make it so that military operations in or against Iran only receive funding if approved by Congress.
Senators Send Letter to Ambassador Reema bint Bandar bin Sultan
On April 19, 2019 Senators Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) and Susan Collins (R-ME) on behalf of 16 other Senators sent a letter to Ambassador Reema bint Bandar bin Sultan, the newly arriving Saudi Ambassador to the United States.
The letter broadly raises concern as to reports of the treatment of women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and specifically calls for the dismantling of the Guardianship System, as well as an end to the mistreatment of detained female activists.
All four female Senators running for the Democratic nomination for President in 2020 (Klobuchar, Warren, Gillibrand, Harris) signed the letter.
President Trump Vetoes S.J Res 7
A few days after the bill arrived from Congress, President Trump formally vetoed the War Powers Resolution seeking to curtail U.S. support to the Saudi-led Arab Coalition in Yemen. Justifying his position, Trump commented, “This resolution is an unnecessary, dangerous attempt to weaken my constitutional authorities, endangering the lives of American citizens and brave service members, both today and in the future.”
Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduces S. Res. 169
On April 11, 2019 Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced a Senate Resolution condemning human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia. As justification, the bill lists a series of recent controversies involving the Kingdom, including the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, detention of women activists, humanitarian consequences of the war in Yemen, criminalization of homosexuality and torture, among others.
The resolution invokes subsection (a)(2) of section 502b of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, which iterates American security assistance should not be provided to nations that are suspected of such abuses.
The text of the bill directly blames Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi.
Senate (92Y-7N) Confirms General John Abizaid (Ret.) Ambassador to Saudi Arabia
On April 10th, 2019 the Senate confirmed General John Abizaid (Ret) to assume the position of United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia. The confirmation makes him the first U.S. Ambassador to Riyadh since President Trump’s inauguration in 2017.
Rep. Justin Amash (R-MI06) Introduces H.J Res. 56
Representative Justin Amash (R-MI03) introduced legislation that would require President Trump to terminate U.S. Armed Forces’ support to the Saudi-led Arab Coalition in Yemen. The introduction of this legislation came on the same day Speaker Pelosi signed S.J Res 7, a bill invoking the War Powers Resolution in order to gain an identical end.
Unlike S.J Res 7, Rep. Amash’s bill does not invoke the War Powers Resolution.
Rep. Raul Ruiz Introduces H.R. 2880
Representative Raul Ruiz (D-CA36) introduced legislation to curtail illicit smuggling efforts directed by Iran. The legislation specifically seeks to allow for the U.S. to train authorities in nations that border the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and the Mediterranean Sea so that they can deter the smuggling of Iranian weapons through these regions.
Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX10) Introduces H.R 2118
Michael McCaul (R-TX10) introduces legislation that if passed would apply additional sanctions to Iran related to the nation’s ballistic missiles program and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). The bill comes on the same day that President Donald Trump announced the IRGC’s categorization as a foreign terrorist organization.
Senate (54Y-46N) & House (247Y-176N) Pass S.J Res. 7
The United States House of Representatives passed S.J Res. 7, a previously passed Senate bill invoking the War Powers Resolution in order to curtail U.S. support for the Saudi-led Arab Coalition in the war in Yemen. This marks the first time in U.S. history that both legislative chambers passed the same iteration of a War Powers Resolution. The bill’s passage came after months of procedural measures were used in order to prevent a given chamber from voting on the other chamber’s version of the legislation. Next the bill will go to President Trump, who is expected to veto the legislation according to the White House. (The Hill)
Tom Udall (D-NM) Introduces S.1039
Senator Tom Udall (D-NM) introduces the “Prevention of Unconstitutional War with Iran Act” to limit the ability of the Executive Branch to engage in “kinetic” military operations against Iran. The bill cites past statements and tweets by the President that to some indicate a ratcheting of tensions between the Trump Administration and Iran. If passed, the bill would make it so that military operations in or against Iran only receive funding if approved by Congress. The bill is co-sponsored by a number of Democratic Senators, as well as Republican Senator Rand Paul (R-KY).
Senators Send Letter to Secretary of Energy Rick Perry
Senators Bob Menendez (D-NJ) and Marco Rubio (R-FL) sent a letter to Secretary of Energy Rick Perry seeking clarification following reports that the Trump Administration granted companies permission to sell nuclear technologies to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The letter cites the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 which requires all international nuclear partnerships to be Congressionally certified under a 123 agreement, something to which Saudi Arabia and the U.S. are not partners. The letter mentions that many in Congress worry Saudi officials have interest in developing a nuclear weapon, and do not want to encourage a nuclear race between Saudi Arabia and Iran.
Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX) Introduces S.925
Senator John Cornyn (R-TX) introduced a bill that would add additional sanctions to Iranian actors supporting or participating in the activities of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).
The bill is cosponsored by Senators Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ), Thom Tillis (R-NC), Susan Collins (R-ME), Deb Fischer (R-NE) and Marco Rubio (R-FL).
Rep. Jeff Fortenberry (R-NE01) Introduces H.Res 259
Congressman Jeff Fortenberry (R-NE01) introduced a resolution that the House formally recognize its support for the repatriation of Iraqi religious minorities to their ethnic homelands in Iraq.
The bill specifically mentions Iraq’s Nineveh Plain, and highlights the discrimination that has historically been faced by Assyrian Chaldean Syriac Christians, Yazidis and Shabak. The bill calls on the U.S. to work with international organizations and the Kurdish regional government to integrate all religious communities.
The bill is cosponsored by Congresswoman Anna Eshoo (D-CA18).
Senators Send Letter to King of Saudi Arabia
A group of Senate Democrats led by Senator Dick Durbin (D-IL) sent a letter to King Salman of Saudi Arabia raising concerns over reports of human rights abuses experienced by activists and an American citizen detained in Saudi Arabia.
The letter’s introduction mentions prominent cases of Raif Badawi, Loujain al-Hathloul and Dr. Walid Fitaihi. The latter is an American citizen who has been held in Saudi Arabia without charges since 2017, and recently gained Congressional attention amidst reports of torture.
The letter also points to the murder of Jamal Khashoggi and the war in Yemen as evidence that, “for too long, human rights have taken a backseat in Saudi Arabia.” The letter culminates in a call for the release of these prisoners. Sen. Durbin was joined by eight follow Senators, including 2020 Presidential candidates Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) in signing the letter.
Rep. Zoe Lofgren (D-CA19) Introduces H.Res 238
Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren (D-CA19) introduced a resolution that the House formally recognize the significance of Nowruz, the celebration of the traditional Iranian New Year.
As justification of the holiday’s importance to the U.S., the bill mentions Nowruz’s 300,000,000 global observers. Additionally, the bill mentions the contributions of Iranian-Americans to the U.S.’s social fabric, economy, government and military. The legislation suggests Nowruz should be recognized to remind Americans of the “contribution of Persian Culture to the world.”
Senate (54Y-46N) Passes S.J Res. 7
The United States Senate passed a War Powers Resolution to curtail United States’ military assistance to the Arab-led coalition in Yemen. The body had passed a similar bill during the 115th Congress, and due to rules of Senate procedure was unable to consider H.J Res 37 after it passed the House earlier this year.
Up next, the Senate version of this resolution will go to the House, where it is expected to pass. If so, the measure will go to the President, who is anticipated to veto the War Powers Measure. The bill was sponsored by Senators Bernie Sanders (I-VT), Chris Murphy (D-CN) and Mike Lee (R-UT) among other co-sponsors.
Rep. Theodore Deutch (D-FL22) Introduces H.Res 218
Congressman Theodore Deutch (D-FL22) introduced legislation calling on Iran to fulfill it’s stated promise to provide assistance in determining the whereabouts of missing retired FBI Agent Robert Levinson.
Mr. Levinson disappeared 12 years ago after checking into a hotel on Iran’s Kish Island. Since then, video and images have surfaced indicating Mr. Levinson is alive and being held in captivity somewhere in Southwest Asia. The Government of Iran has repeatedly pledged to assist in locating Mr. Levinson, however according to the legislation, Iran has not fulfilled it’s promises. In 2016 UNGWAD determined Iran was responsible for Mr. Levinson’s arbitrary detention. In 2013, Mr. Levinson became the longest-held arbitrarily detained American citizen.
Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL) Introduces S. Res. 104
Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) introduced legislation calling on Iran to fulfill it’s stated promise to provide assistance in determining the whereabouts of missing retired FBI agent Robert Levinson.
Mr. Levinson disappeared 12 years ago after checking into a hotel on Iran’s Kish Island. Since then, video and images have surfaced indicating Mr. Levinson is alive and being held in captivity somewhere in Southwest Asia. The Government of Iran has repeatedly pledged to assist in locating Mr. Levinson, however according to the legislation, Iran has not fulfilled it’s promises. In 2016 UNGWAD determined Iran was responsible for Mr. Levinson’s arbitrary detention. In 2013, Mr. Levinson became the longest-held arbitrarily detained American citizen.
Rep. Theodore Deutch (D-FL22) Introduces H.Res 187
Congressman Theodore Deutch (D-FL22) introduced legislation calling on Iran to unconditionally release all American citizens and legal residents currently being imprisoned in Iran.
The legislation mentions several notable disappearances, including that of Robert Levinson, a former FBI agent who was last seen on Iran’s Kish Island in March 2007. In November 2016 the U.S. determined the Iranian government was responsible for Levinson’s disappearance and arbitrary detention.
In addition to Levinson, the bill mentions other U.S residents detained by Iran including Siamak Namazi, Baquer Namazi, Xiyue Wang and Nizar Zakka.
Sen. Tim Kaine (D-VA) Introduces S.J Res 13
Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) introduced a joint resolution to repeal the Congressional authorizations that had been given to the Executive branch allowing Presidents to take military actions in 1991 in Kuwait and 2003 in Iraq. If passed, the resolution would formally end both of these wars.
In introducing the legislation Senator Kaine said repealing these authorizations will create an extra-hurdle for future Presidents to take military action, thusly allowing Congress to reassert its authority on matters of war and intervention.
The bill is co-sponsored by Marine veteran Senator Todd Young (R-IN).
Rep. Bradley Schneider Introduces H.R 1541
Congressman Bradley Schneider (D-IL10) introduced a bill that would require the President to submit a report to both chambers of Congress outlining the effects Saudi nuclear enrichment would have on the United States, Israel and other U.S. allies.
The bill is co-sponsored by Congressman Mark Meadows (R-NC11).
Rep. Brad Sherman (D-CA30) Introduces H.R 1471
Congressman Brad Sherman (D-CA30) introduced the House iteration of a bill that seeks to ensure any US-Saudi Nuclear cooperation is subject to Congressional approval.
The bill also makes clear that the United States should not engage in nuclear cooperation with Saudi Arabia unless the nation becomes more transparent in the factors that led to the death of Jamal Khashoggi. Additionally, the bill calls for Saudi Arabia to fall in-line with the “gold standard” of non-proliferation, meaning that Saudi Arabia should not enrich Uranium within it’s own borders. The bill is co-sponsored by Congressman Ted Yoho (R-FL03).
Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) Introduces S. 612
Senator Ed Markey introduced the Senate iteration of a bill that seeks to ensure any US-Saudi Nuclear cooperation is subject to Congressional approval.
The bill also makes clear that the United States should not engage in nuclear cooperation with Saudi Arabia unless the nation becomes more transparent in the factors that led to the death of Jamal Khashoggi. Additionally, the bill calls for Saudi Arabia to fall in-line with the “gold standard” of non-proliferation, meaning that Saudi Arabia should not enrich Uranium within it’s own borders. The bill is cosponsored by Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL).
Rep. David Kustoff (R-TN08) Introduces H.R 1441
Representative David Kustoff (R-TN08) introduced a bill that would require the Departments of State and Treasury to determine the levels of corruption among Senior Iranian officials, oligarchs, and Parastatal entities.
If passed, the report would indicate to Congress the extent to which corrupt Iranian officials are involved in the nation’s economy, and how this corruption impacts the United States and its allies. The text of the bill itself mentions Iranian President Hassan Rouhani.
The bill is cosponsored by Congressman Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ05).
Rep. Andy Levin (DMI09) H.Con.Res.23
Congressman Andy Levin (D-MI09) introduced legislation expressing that United States – Saudi Arabia cooperation on civilian nuclear projects must be contingent on the “gold-standard” of non-proliferation. Included in this gold-standard are insurances that Saudi Arabia must not enrich Uranium or separate Plutonium within its own territories.
The bill comes as the House version of S.Con.Res2, an identical Senate bill introduced by Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR). In the House the bill is co-sponsored by Congressman Justin Amash (R-MI3).
Sen Ron Wyden (D-OR) Introduces S.544
Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR), introduced a bill that, if passed, would require the Director of National Intelligence to submit a report to Congress concerning the murder of Jamal Khashoggi.
The report must include the identification of all actors who called-for and participated in the murder of the Saudi journalist.
The bill is co-sponsored by Senator(s) Martin Heinrich (D-NM), Jack Reed (D-RI), Kamala Harris (D-CA) and Chris Coons (D-DE).
Letter Sent to State & Defense Depts.
A bipartisan group of Representatives on the House Foreign Affairs Committee sent a letter to leaders of the Departments of State and Defense expressing concern at reports that U.S manufactured weapons have been acquired by unintended actors in Yemen. The letter comes four days after a similar letter was sent by Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA).
The letter cites several reports that US-made weapons sold to UAE and Saudi Arabia ended up in the hands of unvetted armed groups.
Among others, the letter was signed by both Committee Chairman Eliot Engle (D-NY16) and Ranking Member Michael McCaul (R-TX10).
The letter culminates with a request for a briefing on the situation.
Letter Sent to State & Defense Depts.
Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) sent a letter to the Secretary of State and Acting Secretary of Defense requesting that the two officials answer 13 questions related to how US weapons ended up in the hands of unintended actors in Yemen. Among the questions asked by the Senator were clarifications as to how the Pentagon monitors unapproved ‘re-transfers’ of weapons after sales have been finalized, and thoughts as to whether Congress should impose “end-use monitoring” agreements on Arms Sales. The letter gives a March 8, 2019 deadline for answers.
Senator Warren is currently pursuing the Democratic nomination for President in 2020, and this letter comes as yet another example of how the Senator has used her position on the Armed Services Committee to beef-up her foreign policy credentials.
House Investigation Opened
House Oversight Committee Chairman Rep. Elijah Cummings (D-MD07) opened a House Investigation into President Trump’s handling of US-Saudi relations after the emergence of reports that the Administration broke with ethics officials over the sale of nuclear technology to the Kingdom.
According to The Hill, the investigation is meant to determine if the sale would have resulted in financial benefits for those involved, a group that may include former National Security Advisor Michael Flynn.
Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL) Introduces S. Res. 73
Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) has introduced a Senate resolution similar to that introduced a day prior by Congresswoman Lois Frankel (D-FL21) in order to express the Senate’s sense that Saudi Arabia must immediately release all detained women’s rights activists in the Kingdom.
Like its House counterpart, the bill was motivated by reports of alleged torture of activists such as Loujain al-Hathloul while detained in Saudi prisons.
Senators Send Letter to Secretary Pompeo
Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ), ranking member of the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee sent an open letter to Secretary Pompeo lambasting him for failing to comply with stipulations of the Global Magnitsky Act invoked last fall. The bipartisan invocation of the act last October necessitates that the Trump Administration investigate the possibility of imposing sanctions on Saudi Arabia. The letter calls Pompeo’s response a “flagrant violation of the law,” and proceeds to request justification from the State Department as to its legal basis for not complying with Global Magnitsky. Additionally, the letter asks that Pompeo turn over a variety of documents related to the Trump Administration’s investigation of Khashoggi’s death. The letter imposes a February 28, 2019 deadline for the administration to turn over said documents.
Rep. Lois Frankel (D-FL12) Introduces H. Res. 129
Congresswoman Lois Frankel (D-Fl21) introduced legislation calling on the United States Congress to continue urging Saudi Arabia to release women’s rights activists currently imprisoned in the Kingdom.
It’s impetus was found in the allegations that at least ten women are currently being detained and experiencing torture in Saudi Arabia. The bill mentions by name, Hatoon al-Fassi, Aziza al-Yousef and Loujain al-Hathloul. The bill comes on a day when the House debates invoking the War Powers Resolution in regards to the US’s involvement in Yemen.
House Passes H.J Res 37 (248Y-177N)
The House of Representatives has passed H.J Res. 37, a War Powers bill to remove American forces fighting hostilities in Yemen that have not been approved by Congress. An amendment was approved that ensures the agreement will not affect intelligence sharing between the United States and Saudi Arabia. Up next the Senate will likely consider the bill. Should the entire Congress successfully invoke the War Powers Resolution, it would be unprecedented since the enactment of the resolution in 1973.
Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) Introduces S. Con. Res. 2
Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced legislation to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that expresses that United States – Saudi Arabia cooperation on civilian nuclear projects must be contingent on the “gold-standard” of non-proliferation. Included in this gold-standard are insurances that Saudi Arabia must not enrich Uranium or separate Plutonium within its own territories.
Senator Merkley introduced similar legislation in the 115th Congress when a report was ordered by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The bill is co-sponsored by Senators Rand Paul (R-KY) and Ed Markey (D-MA)
Rep. Steve Chabot (R-OH01) Introduces H.R 948
Representative Steve Chabot (R-OH01) introduced a bill that would allow members of Oil Producing Exporting Countries (OPEC) to be sued for collusion under United States anti-trust law. Proponents of the bill, colloquially known as N.O.P.E.C (No Oil Producing & Exporting Cartels Act), say that such legislation would prevent OPEC member nations from manipulating global oil prices. However, opponents of the legislation say that such a move would counter longstanding principles of sovereign immunity.
Legislation similar to NOPEC has been circulating for years, however the advent of President Trump seems to have given new steam to such efforts given his past criticisms of OPEC, in which he accused the body of keeping the price of oil artificially high.
Should the bill pass, it would have large repercussions for all oil-exporting nations, companies and investors involved in this business.
Sen. Bob Menendez (D-NJ) Introduces S. 398
Ranking Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Bob Menendez (D-NJ) released a bill seeking to find a peaceful resolution to the war in Yemen, as well as apply new sanctions on Saudi Arabia due to the government’s alleged role in the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Among other consequences, the bill would suspend arms transfers to Saudi Arabia, and prohibit in-flight refueling of Saudi aircraft by American planes.
As it relates to sanctions, the bill would apply sanctions on any actor contributing to Yemen’s instability, preventing the Yemeni peoples’ access to humanitarian goods or supporting the Houthi rebels. Additionally, the bill would impose sanctions on any actor found responsible for a role in the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.
Unlike other recently introduced legislation, this bill is not being invoked under the War Powers Resolution.
Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL) Introduces S.357
Similar to a bill introduced in the House by Congressman Joe Wilson (R-SC02), Senator Marco Rubio introduced a bill that would require an annual report on the extent to which religious intolerance is being taught in Saudi textbooks.
Should the bill be signed into law, responsibility for producing such a report would be held by the Department of State. The bill is co-sponsored by Senators Ron Wyden (D-OR) and Ed Markey (D-MA)
Senate Passes S.1 (77Y-23N)
A bill sponsored by Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) was placed on the Senate calendar. The bill, “Strengthening America’s Security in the Middle East Act of 2019” is wide-ranging in scope, and on several instances mentions the perceived threat of Iran and its presence in Syria as a primary reason for America’s continued military presence in the region.
The bill faced a rocky start after many otherwise “Yea” votes stalled on the bill out of frustration with the ongoing government shutdown. Additionally, an amendment introduced by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell was seen by some detractors, (particularly Senator Chris Murphy) as giving the President too much authority to potentially go to war with Iran. The amendment passed 70Y-26N. Ultimately, on February 6, 2019 the bill passed the Senate 77Y-23N. Up next the House may consider a complementary piece of legislation introduced by Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX10).
Rep. Ted Lieu (D-CA33) Introduces H.R 910
Alongside dual bills invoking the War Powers Resolution, Congressman Ted Lieu (D-CA33) introduced on January 30th a bill specifically seeking to prohibit American dollars from being used to refuel Saudi-led coalition aircraft in Yemen.
The legislation comes as Congress seems to be restarting efforts to alter the US-Saudi relationship in the aftermath of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi. The legislation is co-sponsored by Congresspersons Ted Yoho (R-FL03) and Tom Malinowski (D-NJ07).
Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) Introduces S. 231
Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced a bill seeking to reprimand and punish Saudi Arabia for having intervened to extradite Saudi nationals before facing charges due to alleged wrongdoing while in the United States.
According to the bill Saudi Arabia supposedly covered legal fees and posted bail for Saudi nationals, (including one allegedly involved in a fatal hit-and-run in 2016) before returning them to Saudi Arabia. Among other stipulations, the bill would require further investigation from American officials, while also imposing diplomatic consequences on Saudi officials involved in the extraditions. The bill is cosponsored by Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR).
Rep. Jim McGovern (D-MA02) Introduces H.R 643
Representative Jim McGovern (D-MA02) introduced a bill that would prohibit American security assistance to Saudi Arabia.
While the Library of Congress has yet to release the full details of the bill, it is likely similar to a bill introduced during the 115th Congress by McGovern that names the Khashoggi affair and controversy in Yemen as the primary impetus for the legislation. The bill has 20 co-sponsors and is the first of the 116th Congress to resemble last Congress’ efforts to reduce American security assistance to Saudi Arabia.
Rep. Adam Kinzinger Introduces H.R 571
Representative Adam Kinzinger (R-IL16) introduced a bill that would apply additional sanctions to any Iranian actor threatening the stability of post-ISIS Iraq.
The bill has been referred to the House Foreign Affairs and Judiciary committees and is co-sponsored by Representatives Thomas Suozzi (R-NY03), Brad Sherman (D-CA30) and Mario Diaz-Balart (R-FL25)
Rep. Joe Wilson (R-SC02) Introduces H.R. 554
Representative Joe Wilson (R-SC02) introduced a piece of legislation that, if passed, would require various government ministries to produce an annual report outlining religious intolerance being taught within Saudi Arabian educational materials.
The bill has been referred to the House Foreign Affairs Committee and is co-sponsored by Representative William Keating (D-MA09)
Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX10) Introduces H.R 336
Representative Michael McCaul (R-TX10) introduced legislation that names threats from Iran as the primary impetus for a continued military presence in the region.
The legislation is similar in name and content to bill introduced by Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) in the Senate, that on February 5th, 2019 passed in the Senate with several key amendments that are not a part of Rep. McCaul’s iteration of the bill.
It is unclear to what extent the bill will be considered beyond the initial step of being introduced.
House Passes “Voice-Vote” H.R.31
After having been introduced on January 3, 2019, Congress passed a bill from Representative Eliot Engel (D-NY16) that would impose sanctions on Iranian actors contributing to Syria’s instability. The bill was passed by voice-vote and appears to come at a time when Congress is reasserting involvement in Syria while the President concurrently floats a possible withdrawal.
Up next, the Senate may consider complementary legislation introduced by Senator Jim Risch (R-ID).
Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX10) introduces H.R194
The first day of the 116th Congress, Representative Michael McCaul (R-TX10) introduced H.R194 ‘To Impose Additional Sanctions With Respect to Serious Human Rights Abuses of the Government of Iran and for Other Purposes.’
As outlined by its title, the bill cites the human rights abuses of Iran as a reason for the application of additional US sanctions against the country. The bill has been referred to the Foreign Affairs, Judiciary, Financial Services, and Ways & Means Committee.
2018Senate (Voice Vote) Agrees to S.J Res 69
In the midst of voting on the final iteration of the legally binding S.J Res 54, Senator Bob Corker (R-TN) submitted a different non-legally binding resolution ascribing blame to Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman for a variety of perceived regional missteps. The resolution is very similar to one introduced just days ago by Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC), and among other faults blames the young Prince for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi and atrocities in the Yemen War.
Despite supporting procedural votes to allow debate on S.J Res 54, Corker ultimately opposed the law, arguing that this non-binding resolution is a more diplomatic way to go about censuring the Saudi Government
House Passes (369Y-47N) H.R 2
Colloquially known as the “Farm Bill,” the House of Representatives voted to move “Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018” to a final vote. The procedural vote passed 206-203. The bill is being spearheaded by Rep. Michael Conway (R-TX11). The annual legislation gained attention due to a last-minute clause added by outgoing Speaker Paul Ryan (R-WI01) saying that the “War Powers Resolution…shall not apply during the remainder of the One Hundred and Fifteenth Congress…with respect to Yemen.” The final version of the House’s Farm Bill was passed on December 13, 2018.
Because un-enacted legislation at the end of a Congress is wiped from the record books, any efforts to invoke the War Powers Resolution in regards to Yemen will need to restart in the 116th Congress.
President Trump Enacts H.R 390
A bill sponsored by Rep. Christopher Smith (R-NJ04) was signed into law by President Trump. Formally titled the Iraq and Syria Genocide Relief and Accountability Act of 2018, the law authorizes various United States agencies to provide assistance to those in Iraq and Syria who are investigating genocide and other abuses against the countries’ religious minorities.
The bill also authorizes US agencies to correct shortfalls in the US justice system in order to better prosecute the international perpetrators of these injustices.
In the House the measure was approved by a voice-vote, while in the Senate it was agreed to by unanimous consent.
Lindsey Graham (R-SC) Introduces S. Res. 714
On December 5th, 2018 Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) introduced a Senate Resolution that holds Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman (MBS) personally responsible for a) the humanitarian situation in Yemen, b) the ongoing blockade of Qatar c) the torture and jailing of dissidents and d) personally orchestrating the murder of Jamal Khashoggi. The resolution comes after a select group of Senators were briefed on the situation by CIA Director Gina Haspel. The resolution itself is non-binding, however comes as yet another rebuke from the Congress regarding the US-Saudi relationship, and comes ahead of an expected floor debate on S.J 54 – a bill that if passed in both chambers would significantly curtail US assistance to Saudi Arabia in Yemen. The bill is co-sponsored by Sen(s) Dianne Feinstein (D-CA), Marco Rubio (R-FL), Ed Markey (D-MA), Todd Young (R-IN) and Chris Coons (D-DE).
GIF Legislation Tracker
Rep. LaHood (R-IL18) Introduces H.Res.1077
On July 31, Rep. Darin LaHood (R-IL18) introduced a resolution expressing the continued importance of the United States-Lebanon relationship. The resolution mentions Iran’s influence in Lebanon through Hezbollah as a key reason why the U.S.-Lebanon relationship is important to maintain Lebanon’s sovereignty and position as a strong U.S. ally in the Middle East. The resolution was referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2021 Passes the House (H.R.7617)
The House passed the Department of Defense Appropriations Act for 2021 on July 31. The Act calls for an assessment of connections between terrorist groups and the government of Iran, but makes clear that it in no way authorizes the use of force against Iran. It also appropriates $700 million for countering ISIS in part in Iraq, yet bars funds appropriated by the bill to be used to further involve or permanently station U.S. Armed Forces in Iraq. The Act was introduced in the House by Rep. Peter Visclosky (D-IN01) on July 16.
Rep. Schiff (D-CA28) Introduced the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R.7856)
On July 30, Rep. Adam Schiff (D-CA28) introduced the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R.7856). The Act requires a report on how to prevent nuclear proliferation in the Middle East and avoid a nuclear arms race between Iran and Saudi Arabia, in addition to reports evaluating any efforts on behalf of Saudi Arabia to develop a nuclear program or promote terrorism. It halts information sharing with Saudi Arabia due to the Saudi government’s role in Jamal Khashoggi’s murder and calls for reports on Saudi human rights abuses in Yemen, specifically evaluating if U.S. weapons have been used to commit these violations. The Act also calls for an intelligence report about potential campaigns by Saudi Arabia, the UAE, or Qatar to influence U.S. politics and policymakers. The Act was referred to the House Committee on Intelligence.
Rep. Schneider (D-IL10) Introduces H.R.7850
On July 29, Rep. Brad Schneider (D-IL10) introduced a bill to require a National Intelligence Estimate on Iranian proxy forces. The bill calls for the Director of National Intelligence to produce a report detailing Iran’s support for Hezbollah and other Iranian proxies in the Middle East, also including how these proxies pose a threat to Israel. After the report is completed, the bill requires the President submit a strategy to Congress on how to counter Iranian proxy forces. The bill was referred to the Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Sen. Graham (R-SC) Introduces S.4324
On July 27, Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC) introduced the Restoring Critical Supply Chains and Intellectual Property Act (S.4324) which stipulates that any recipients of money appropriated by the bill will lose their grant money if they work with Iran for any joint research or technology licensing effort. The Act specifically aims to facilitate more domestic production, research, and development of personal protective equipment and semiconductors. The bill was referred to the Committee on Finance.
H.R.7608 Passes the House
On July 24, the House passed a bill making appropriations for the Department of State and U.S. foreign operations for the next year (H.R.7608). The bill requires a notification process through the Committees on Appropriations for funds to be spent in Bahrain, Iraq, Iran, and Yemen, while strictly prohibiting spending that legitimizes the government of Iran or its proxies in any way. Funds are appropriated for counterterrorism activity and financial assistance in Iraq, including to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and no less than $10 million will be set aside for programs promoting accountability for genocide and war crimes in Iraq and Syria. Funding for programs relating to Iran will be determined by accompanying reports on Iran’s nuclear activity and the status and impact of U.S. sanctions on Iran, and funds are appropriated for humanitarian and stabilization aid in Yemen. Lastly, none of the funds for international military education and training can be used as assistance for the government of Saudi Arabia. It was first introduced by Rep. Nita Lowey (D-NY17) on July 13.
Pres. Trump Bypasses Congress and an Arms Control Pact to Sell Armed Drones, Likely to Saudi Arabia and UAE
The Trump administration announced on July 24 that it would bypass Congress in order to approve the sale of large armed drones, which has long been of interest to Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The decision also bypasses the Missile Technology Control Regime, an international agreement formed in 1987 between 35 member states that has been credited with slowing weapons proliferation. Saudi Arabia and the UAE are expected to be among the first buyers of the drones despite considerable Congressional resistance to U.S. arms exports to the two countries, both of which are accused of human rights violations and causing civilian deaths in the war in Yemen. The move also threatens to undermine the Missile Technology Control Regime’s non-proliferation power, which has been limiting global exports of missile technology to Iran. Source: NYT
Senate Passes the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (S.4049)
On July 23, the Senate passed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021. The bill allocated $68,340,000 for a naval facility in Bahrain, $26,000,000 for an Air Force facility in Qatar, and $322,500,000 for continued counterterrorism activities in Syria, Iraq, and Iran. Specifically, the bill calls for an assessment of how cyber strategy could play into U.S. campaigns in Iran, the effect of lifting a U.S. arms embargo on Iran, potential Iranian influence in Afghanistan, and Iranian nuclear weapons activity. The bill also requires plans for a timeframe for construction projects in Iraq, a description of how funding will strengthen the U.S.-Iraq relationship, and approval for a number of Qatar-funded construction projects at Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar. Funds from the bill are restricted from going to any entity that partners with Iran for research or technology licensing. The bill was introduced by Senator James Inhofe (R-OK) on June 23 and has now been sent to the House.
Rep. Allred (D-TX32) Introduces H.Res.1062
On July 23, Rep. Colin Allred (D-TX32) introduced a resolution affirming the nature and importance of the United States-Iraq bilateral relationship, including security and economic components of the relationship, citing partnership against ISIS and Iran in particular as evidence of the relationship’s importance. The resolution calls on the U.S. to support Iraqi security and sovereignty while continuing to provide humanitarian programs like supporting internally displaced Iraqis and supplying medical aid to combat COVID-19. In turn, it calls for Iraq to protect U.S. diplomats and service members in Iraq and continue the Strategic Dialogues between the two countries. It was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Ways and Means.
Rep. Chabot (R-OH01) Introduces H.Res.1061
Rep. Steve Chabot (R-OH01) introduced H.Res.1061 which condemns the Syrian regime, Iran, and Russia for the war crimes they committed in Idlib, Syria and calls for a political solution to the Syrian civil war. The resolution condemns Iran’s involvement in assisting Syrian forces in an offensive in early 2019 to retake Idlib, stating that the offensive violated the Sochi agreement and caused the worst humanitarian conditions since the beginning of the conflict in 2011. It also condemns war crimes committed by Iran in targeting civilians, hospitals, and schools in Syria. The resolution was introduced and referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on July 22.
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R.6395) Passed the House
On July 21, the House passed a bill to authorize appropriations for the military activities of the Department of Defense in 2021. The bill allocates $68,340,000 for a naval facility in Bahrain and $845,000,000 for equipment to counter ISIS. The bill expresses support for strengthening ties with Qatar and appropriates funds for a series of military construction projects at Al Udeid Air Base. It calls for a report of U.S. weapons sales to Saudi Arabia and the UAE, prohibiting the use of these weapons in the war in Yemen, and calls on Saudi Arabia and the UAE to support reconstruction in Yemen. It requires reports on the war in Yemen and expresses support for peace and resolution efforts. The bill calls for the support of Kurds in Iraq and further cooperation with Iraq to combat terrorism. It also calls for reports on Al-Qaeda members traveling to or from Iran, malign Iranian influence in Afghanistan and Venezuela, Iranian-backed militias in Iraq, Iranian military bases, and Iranian support for the Yemeni Houthis. The bill emphasizes support for Israel in the face of threats from Iran and the importance of keeping cyber and space technology from Iran. It also calls for Kuwait to pay overdue medical debts to the U.S. The bill was introduced in the House by Rep. Adam Smith (D-WA09) on March 26.
Rep. Serrano (D-NY15) Introduces H.R.7667
On July 16, Rep. Jose Serrano (D-NY15) introduced the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2021 (H.R.7667), which includes precautions against Iranian cyber threats. The bill prohibits NASA or the National Science Foundation from using funds appropriated by the bill to acquire an information system that poses any threat of cyber-espionage or sabotage by Iran, as determined by the FBI or another appropriate assessment conducted on the federal level. This specification also applies to China, Russia, and North Korea.
Rep. Ryan (D-OH13) Introduces Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 2021, H.R.7611
On July 14, Rep. Tim Ryan (D-OH13) introduced the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 2021 (H.R.7611) which includes a section requiring government agencies to work with the FBI or another federal entity to investigate any technology owned or connected to Iran in order to assess the risk of cyber-espionage or sabotage before using it. The stipulation also applies to China, Russia, and North Korea.
Rep. Lowey (D-NY17) Introduces H.R.7608
On July 13, Rep. Nita Lowey (D-NY17) introduced a bill making appropriations for the Department of State and U.S. foreign operations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2021. The bill requires a notification process through the Committees on Appropriations for funds to be spent in Bahrain, Iraq, Iran, and Yemen, while strictly prohibiting spending that legitimizes the government of Iran or its proxies in any way. Funds are appropriated for counterterrorism activity and financial assistance in Iraq, including to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and no less than $10 million will be set aside for programs promoting accountability for genocide and war crimes in Iraq and Syria. Funding for programs in Iran will be determined by accompanying reports on Iran’s nuclear activity and the status and impact of U.S. sanctions on Iran, and funds are appropriated for humanitarian and stabilization aid in Yemen. Lastly, none of the funds for international military education and training can be used as assistance for the government of Saudi Arabia.
Sen. Peters (D-MI) Introduces the National Commission on United States Counterterrorism Policy Act of 2020, S.4169
On July 2, Senator Gary Peters (D-MI) introduced S.4169, a bill to establish a National Commission on United States Counterterrorism Policy which will in part study terrorist threats connected to Iran. The bill specifically calls for the Commission to study potential new and emerging terrorist threats in places where Iran, China, and Russia operate. After introduction, it was referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
Rep. Crow (D-CO06) Introduces H.R.7343
On June 25, Rep. Jason Crow (D-CO06) introduced H.R.7343, also referred to as the Afghanistan Partnership and Transparency Act. The Act calls for a report to assess the movements of members of Al-Qaeda and its affiliates between Iran and Afghanistan in addition to other issues, such as the impacts of U.S. withdrawal. The Act was referred to the Committee on Armed Services and Committee on Foreign Affairs.
Sen. Markey (D-MA) Introduces the HALT Act of 2020, S.4045
On June 23, Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) introduced the Hastening Arms Limitations Talks (HALT) Act of 2020 (S.4045) which cites the U.S. withdrawal from the JCPOA as a failure to limit Iranian nuclear activity and a reason to reengage with international negotiations focused on nuclear arms reduction. The bill was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Sen. Inhofe (R-OK) Introduces S.4049
On June 23, Senator Jim Inhofe (R-OK) introduced a bill to authorize appropriations for the military activities of the Department of Defense in 2021. The bill allocated $68,340,000 for a naval facility in Bahrain, $26,000,000 for an Air Force facility in Qatar, and $322,500,000 for continued defense activities in Syria, Iraq, and Iran. Specifically, the bill calls for an assessment of how cyber strategy could play into U.S. campaigns in Iran, plans for a timeframe for construction projects in Iraq, a description of how funding will strengthen the U.S.-Iraq relationship, and approval for a number of Qatar-funded construction projects at Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar. The Senate referred the bill to the Committee on Armed Services.
Rep. Connolly (D-VA11) Introduces H.Res.1008
On June 18, Rep. Gerald Connolly (D-VA11) introduced a resolution focused on upholding the civil liberties and civil rights of Iranian Americans and condemning bigotry, violence, and discrimination. The day before, the Senate introduced a similar resolution (S.Res.626). The resolution honors the contributions of Iranian Americans to the American economy and society and calls for an investigation by the Department of Homeland Security into detentions of Iranian Americans at U.S. borders. After introduction, the resolution was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Homeland Security.
Sen. Blumenthal (D-CT) Introduces S.Res.626
On June 17, Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) introduced a resolution to uphold the civil liberties and civil rights of Iranian Americans and to condemn bigotry, violence, and discrimination. The resolution honors the contributions of Iranian Americans to the American economy and society and calls for an investigation by the Department of Homeland Security into detentions of Iranian Americans at U.S. borders. It was then referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Rep. McCaul (R-TX10) Introduces CHIPS for America Act, H.R.7178
Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX10) introduced the CHIPS for America Act (H.R.7178), which aims to restore U.S. leadership in semiconductor manufacturing while limiting economic partnerships with Iran by creating Federal incentives for research and development. The bill states that any recipients of grant money from the Act will have their money revoked if they partner with Iran for any research or technology licensing. This stipulation also applies to China, Russia, and North Korea. The Act was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and the Committees on Ways and Means, Armed Services, Financial Services, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs on June 11.
Sen. Rubio (R-FL) Introduces S.3905
Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) introduced S.3905, a bill laying out appropriations for U.S. intelligence activities in 2021. The bill calls for the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency to send Congress a report on the predicted outcomes of lifting the UN embargo on Iran with a focus on potential Iranian arms transfers and the impact they could have on the region, especially in relation to Shi’a militia groups. The bill also calls for the Director of National Intelligence to send Congress a report on all Iranian activity relating to nuclear weapons.
Rep. Engel (D-NY16) Introduces H.R.7028
As part of the National Commission on U.S. Counterterrorism Policy Act of 2020 introduced by Rep. Eliot Engel (D-NY16) on May 27, the National Commission on U.S. Counterterrorism Policy established by the bill will study potential new terrorism threats in contested environments influenced by U.S. competitors, including Iran. The bill was referred to the House Committee on Homeland Security.
Rep. McGovern (D-MA02) Introduces H.R.6986
On May 22, Rep. James McGovern (D-MA02) introduced the Protecting Human Rights During Pandemic Act the day after the introduction of a similar bill in the Senate, calling out the Iranian government for restricting the ability of journalists and others to distribute or publish information related to COVID-19. The bill outlines how this is a violation of human rights and free speech and calls for U.S. government programs to combat it. The bill was first referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs and then later the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations.
House Passes the Heroes Act (H.R. 6800)
The Heroes Act, the second stimulus bill in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, mentioned Iran when reaffirming federal banking regulations and specified that customer bank accounts cannot be terminated or restricted unless they are considered a threat to national security, which includes having ties to Iran, Syria, or other countries deemed to be state sponsors of terrorism. The bill, passed in the House on May 21, 2020, expands a wide range of government programs and policies and provides emergency funding to individuals and government agencies across all levels. The Heroes Act now awaits a vote in the Senate.
Sen. Menendez (D-NJ) Introduces S.R.595 and S.R.600
On May 21, Senator Robert Menendez (D-NJ) introduced two identical resolutions recognizing widening threats to freedoms of the press and expression around the world, criticizing Saudi Arabia and Iran as some of the world’s most censored countries. The resolutions call out Saudi Arabia specifically for the disappearing and imprisonment of female Saudi journalists and for the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi by a team of Saudi operatives under the instruction of Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman. Both resolutions were referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Sen. Wyden (D-OR) introduces S.Res.578
On May 14, Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) introduced a Senate resolution condemning Iran’s state-sponsored persecution of its Baha’i minority and its continued violation of the International Covenants on Human Rights. The resolution describes instances of Baha’i persecution by Iranian forces, such as the direction of Iraninan authorities to harass Baha’is in Houthi controlled areas of Yemen, and calls on the government of Iran to release detained Baha’is and reverse discriminatory policies against them. It was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Sen. Cassidy (R-LA) Introduces S.3687
On May 12, Senator Bill Cassidy (R-LA) introduced S.3687, a bill to take certain actions in response to Saudi Arabia’s aggression towards the United States petroleum industry. The bill calls for the removal of U.S. Armed Forces from Saudi Arabia and the enactment of a tariff on petroleum imports from Saudi Arabia to keep the price of petroleum products over $40 per barrel. The bill was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Senate Fails to Override Veto on S.J.Res.68
On May 7, 2020, the Senate failed to override a presidential veto on S.J.Res.68, a joint resolution to direct the removal of U.S. Armed Forces from hostilities against Iran that have not been authorized by Congress. The joint resolution was originally introduced on January 9, shortly after the assassination of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani, and passed in both the Senate and the House in the following months. The failure to override the veto represents an unsuccessful attempt on behalf of Congress to limit President Trump’s power to order U.S. military action in Iran.
Sen. Menendez (D-NJ) Introduces the COVID-19 International Response and Recovery Act of 2020
The COVID-19 International Response and Recovery Act of 2020 (S.3669) introduced in the Senate on May 7 calls for extending visa expiration dates for visas issued under the Refugee Crisis in Iraq Act of 2007. The bill also calls for increased support for the recipients of Afghan and Iraqi special immigrant visas, such as resuming their arrivals to the U.S. and providing $1,200 in cash assistance directly to participants in the program who have arrived to the U.S. in the last year. After being introduced by Senator Robert Menendez (D-NJ), the bill was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Sen. Menendez (D-NJ) Introduces the Consular and Administrative Support Act of 2020
As a part of the Consular and Administrative Support Act of 2020 (S.3667) introduced in the Senate on May 7, visa expiration dates will be extended for visas issued under the Refugee Crisis in Iraq Act of 2007. Introduced by Senator Robert Menendez (D-NJ), the bill also increases paid leave for some employees and creates a repatriation task force during major infectious disease outbreaks. It was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act Signed into Law
On April 24, 2020, President Trump signed the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (H.R.266) into law. As it passed in the House, the bill specified that none of the funds provided by the bill could be used to purchase telecommunications equipment made in Iran. However, this section was removed along with other significant portions of the bill as it was amended in the Senate. The bill is now public law.
Rep. Banks (R-IN03) Introduces the Online Consumer Protection Act of 2020
On April 21, 2020, Rep. Jim Banks (R-IN03) introduced the Online Consumer Protection Act of 2020 (H.R.6570), a bill that requires a warning be shown to consumers before they download any software made in or affiliated with Iran. The Act also applies to software related to China, Russia, North Korea, Syria, Sudan, and any other country determined to be a state-sponsor of terrorism by the U.S. government. After introduction, the bill was referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.
Rep. Smith (D-WA09) Introduces H.R.6395
On March 26, 2020, Rep. Adam Smith (D-WA09) introduced a bill to authorize appropriations for the military activities of the Department of Defense in 2021. The bill allocated $68,340,000 for a naval facility in Bahrain, $26,000,000 for an Air Force facility in Qatar, and $845,000,000 for equipment to counter ISIS. The House referred the bill to the Committee on Armed Services.
Senator Cramer (R-ND) Introduces the Strained Partnership Act (S.3572)
On March 24, 2020, Senator Kevin Cramer (R-ND) introduced a bill that requires all U.S. Armed Forces and equipment be removed from Saudi Arabia within 90 days of the bill passing. The bill would also require that certain military equipment be relocated to other locations in the Middle East. The bill was referred to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.
House passes H.Res.905, amending H.Res.891
On March 19, 2020, the House passed a resolution to extend the amount of time of consideration of a previous resolution (H.Res.891), which calls for the removal of all unauthorized U.S. Armed Forces from hostilities against Iran. The resolution amended House Resolution 891, which passed in the House allowing for the consideration of Senate Joint Resolution 68. This roundabout adjustment to the timeframe allowed for proceedings to take place in the house relating to S.J.Res 68 until March 29, 2020.
Senator Coons (D-DE) Introduces S.Res.545
On March 17, 2020, Senator Chris Coons (D-DE) introduced a resolution in tandem with H.Res.902 commemorating March 17, 2020 as the 40th anniversary of the Refugee Act of 1980, reaffirming House support for the refugee resettlement programs in Iraq and Afghanistan and for refugees in danger because they aligned themselves with the U.S. The resolution calls a bipartisan commitment within the U.S. government to fund and support refugee protection and resettlement programs. It was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
Rep. Garcia (D-TX29) Introduces H.Res.902
On March 13, Rep. Sylvia Garcia (D-TX29) introduced a resolution commemorating March 17, 2020 as the 40th anniversary of the Refugee Act of 1980, reaffirming House support for the refugee resettlement programs in Iraq and Afghanistan and for refugees in danger because they aligned themselves with the US. The resolution calls a bipartisan commitment within the US government to fund and support refugee protection and resettlement programs. It was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary.
Congressman Huizenga Introduces H.R.6243
On March 12, 2020, Congressman Bill Huizenga (R-MI) introduced “Block Iranian Access to U.S. Banks Act of 2020” bill to prohibit Secretary of Treasury from authorizing financial services by the U.S. financial institutions with Iran. The bill cited previous reports from State Department and Department of the Treasury about Iran’s involvement in money laundering and sponsoring terrorism.
Senator Cardin (D-MD) Introduces S. Res. 539
Senator Ben Cardin (D-MD) introduced a resolution to declare the Senate’s support for the rights of protestors in Iran, and to condemn the government’s crackdown against protestors.
Congressman Hill (R-AR02) Introduces H.R. 6081
Congressman J. French Hill (R-AR02) introduced a bill to require that funds obtained by corrupt Iranian officials be made public. Additionally, the bill would require an annual report to Congress regarding the means by which corrupt officials are procuring funds in Iran.
Rep. Steil (R-WI01) Introduces H.R. 6015
Representative Bryan Steil (R-WI01) introduced a bill that allows the Secretary of the Treasury to place sanctions on financial institutions abroad that are knowingly conducting business with INSTEX, the channel that allowed European nations to circumvent U.S. sanctions on Iran.
Senator Toomey (R-PA) Introduces S. Res. 509
Senator Pat Toomey (R-PA) introduced a bill calling on the United Nations Security Council to extend travel restrictions and an arms embargo on Iran that is set to expire in October 2020. The embargo and restrictions were first enacted in 2015. The bill is co-sponsored by Senator Jacky Rosen (D-NV)
Senator Markey (D-MA) Introduces S.3314
Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) introduced a bill calling on the U.S. to ensure that all tensions with Iran are resolved diplomatically. Among other policies, the bill calls on the United States to return to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, also known as the Iran nuclear agreement
Senate Passes S.J. Res. 68 (55Y-45N)
The Senate passed a War Power’s Resolution to limit the President’s ability to engage militarily with Iran without first getting Congress’ approval. The bill was introduced on January 9, 2020 by Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) in the aftermath of the killing of Qassem Soleimani. The bill is notable due to the fact that 8 Republican Senators joined with Democrats in voting ‘yea.’ These include Sen(s). Alexander (R-TN), Cassidy (R-LN), Collins (R-ME), Lee (R-UT), Moran (R-KS), Murkowski (R-AK), Paul (R-KY), and Young (R-IN). Next, the bill will be considered by the House of Representatives.
Rep. Ted Deutch (D-FL22) Introduces H. Res. 823
Congressman Ted Deutch (D-FL22) introduced a bill to condemn the Iranian government’s persecution of its minority Baha’i community.
The bill cites several instances of persecution, including the fact that since 2005 over 1,168 Baha’is have been arrested and imprisoned, and since 2013 there have been over 803 reported incidents violating the economic rights of Baha’is in Iran.
House Passes H.R. 2456 (236Y-166N)
The House of Representatives passed a bill to repeal the Authorization for the Use of Military Force that was used by the Bush Administration to invade Iraq in 2002, and has since been used by the Trump Administration to justify the congressionally unauthorized killing of Iran’s Qassem Soleimani. The bill passed as an amendment to H.R. 5671 (Merchant Mariners of World War II Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2020).
House Passes H.R. 5443 (228Y-175N)
The House of Representatives passed Rep. Ro Khanna’s (D-CA17) “No War With Iran Act” in a 228Y-175N vote as an amendment to H.R. 5671 (Merchant Mariners of World War II Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2020). H.R. 5543 was originally introduced on January 7th, 2020.
House Agrees to H. Res. 752
In a voice vote, the U.S. House of Representatives agreed to Rep. Theodore Deutch’s bill to support the protest rights of the Iranian people, and condemn the Iranian government’s crackdown on protests.
Rep. Engel (D-NY16) Introduces H. Res. 795
House Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Eliot Engel (D-NY16) introduced a bill to support the commitment of the United States to lawfully protect international cultural sites. The bill references the President’s threats to attack sites of importance to Iranian heritage and culture and resolves that the House does not support discussion of such attacks.
Senator Graham Introduces S. Res. 469
Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC) introduced a bill to support Iranian protestors and condemn actions of the Iranian government against demonstrations. The bill is in response to protests that have taken place since Iran admitted to accidentally shooting down a Ukranian Airlines flight. The bill calls on Iran to refrain from using violence against protestors, and condemns Tehran for allegedly lying about the circumstances that led to the plane crash
Rep. McCarthy (R-CA23) Introduces H. Res. 791
House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-CA23) introduced a bill to support Iranian protestors and condemn actions of the Iranian government against demonstrations. The bill is in response to protests that have taken place since Iran admitted to accidentally shooting down a Ukranian Airlines flight. The bill calls on Iran to refrain from using violence against protestors, and condemns Tehran for allegedly lying about the circumstances that led to the plane crash.
House Passes S. Con. Res. 63 (224Y-194N)
After having been introduced on January 8, 2020, the House of Representatives has passed the resolution in a 224Y-194N vote. The vote saw 8 Democrats and 3 Republicans crossing party lines.
Rep. Crenshaw Introduces H. Res. 783
Congressman Dan Crenshaw (R-TX02) introduced a resolution to honor the members of the United States military and intelligence communities who enabled and carried out the mission that killed IRGC Quds Force leader Qassem Soleimani.
Senator Udall (D-NM) Introduces S. Con. Res. 33
Senator Tom Udall (D-NM) introduced a concurrent resolution to terminate the use of hostilities directed at Iran that have yet to be approved by Congress. The bill is the Senate counterpart to H. Con. Res. 83, agreed to in the House of Representatives on January 9th, 2020.
Sen. Markey (D-MA) Introduces S. Res. 465
Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) introduced a resolution condemning the President’s alleged threats to violate the laws of armed conflict as they pertain to Iran. The legislation is similar to a bill introduced on January 7th, 2020, also introduced by Senator Markey, that states that targeting Iranian cultural sites is a war crime. This bill emphasizes that the U.S. criticized Al-Qaeda, ISIS and the Taliban for targeting cultural sites. The bill goes on to describe such threats as a ‘disproportionate’ response in violation of the Geneva Convention.
Rep. Slotkin (D-MI08) Introduces H. Con. Res. 63
Congresswoman Elissa Slotkin (D-MI08) introduced a War Powers Resolution to terminate the use of hostilities against Iran that have not been approved by Congress. The bill comes in response to the killing of Iranian military leader Qassem Soleimani, which occurred at the direction of the President without Congressional approval. Should the bill be enacted, it will require that the U.S. discontinue military engagement with Iran until Congress declares war. The bill makes exceptions for military action directed at Al-Qaeda.
Senator Sanders (I-VT) Introduces S. 3159
Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT), introduced a bill to limit the President’s ability to utilize funds for military action against Iran that have not been authorized by Congress. The bill is the Senate counterpart to H.R. 5543, introduced in the House on January 7th, 2020 by Congressman Ro Khanna (D-CA17).
Senator Merkley (D-OR) Introduces S.J Res 64
Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced a bill to clarify that neither the Authorization for Use of Military Force, nor the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002, allow the President to use military force against Iran. The bipartisan legislation is co-sponsored by Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) and was introduced immediately following a Senate briefing that took place on January 8th, 2020, regarding the killing of Qassem Soleimani.
Rep. Omar (D-MN05) Introduces H.J Res 82
Congresswoman Ilhan Omar (D-MN05) introduced a War Powers Resolution to remove United States armed forces from deployment related to hostilities against Iran that have not been approved by Congress. The legislation has been introduced under the War Powers Resolution, meaning that the Congresswoman can force consideration of the bill. If enacted the bill would require the withdrawal of U.S. armed forces engaged in hostilities against Iran not approved by Congress within 30 days.
Rep. Khanna (D-CA17) Introduces H.R. 5543
Congressman Ro Khanna (D-CA17) introduced a bill to prohibit the use of funds for military engagement with Iran that have not been approved by Congress. The bill clarifies that the Authorization for Use of Military Force cannot be construed to apply to Iran. H.R 5543 has been introduced as a War Powers Resolution, meaning that the Congressman can force consideration of the bill.
Senator Markey (D-MA) Introduces S. Con. Res 32
Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) introduced a bill to express that it is the sense of Congress that attacks on Iranian cultural sites constitute war crimes. The introduction of the bill comes after a tweet from President Trump threatened retaliation against Iranian cultural heritage sites. The bill cites the Geneva Convention.
Senator Kaine Introduces S.J Res 63
Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) introduced a War Powers Resolution to prevent President Trump from going to war with Iran without first obtaining congressional authorization. The introduction of the legislation was in direct response to the January 2nd, 2020 strike ordered by President Trump that killed Qasim Suleimani, leader of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ Quds force. Given that the legislation has been introduced under the War Powers Act, it has a privileged status and therefore is guaranteed to receive a vote.
Rep. Gabbard Introduces H. Res. 771
Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI02) introduced a bill to formally censure President Trump for a variety of actions that allegedly, “abused the powers of the Presidency for his own personal gain.” Among the reasons listed for this congressional censure are continued support for the Saudi coalition in Yemen that has caused, “death, suffering and starvation,” as well as actions addressing Iran that “[increase] the risk of nuclear war, nuclear proliferation, and war with Iran.” Congresswoman Gabbard introduced the bill as an alternative to impeachment.
Rep. Deutch (D-FL22) Introduces H.Res. 752
Congressman Theodore Deutch (D-FL22) introduced a resolution expressing Congress’ support for the rights of the Iranian people to freely express themselves, and condemn the Iranian government’s recent crackdown against protestors.
Rep. Joe Wilson (R-SC02) Introduces H.R. 5276
Congressman Joe Wilson (R-SC02) introduced a bill seeking to require a report into whether certain Iraqi officials violated the Global Magnitsky Act for abuses against protestors, thusly making them eligible for sanctions. The legislation states that it is Congress’ finding that, “[Iraq]…us[ed] unprecedented repressive measures against protestors.” If passed, the bill would require a report on such measures to determine suitability for sanctions within 90 days.
Senator Sullivan Introduces S.2950
Senator Dan Sullivan (R-AK) introduced a bill to concede that veterans of the First Gulf War were exposed to airborne hazards and toxins from burn pits during deployment in the Southwest Theatre of Operations. If passed, the bill would direct the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide medical examinations to veterans seeking to determine a causal link between chronic symptoms and burn pit exposure on the Arabian Peninsula.
Rep. Cheney (R-WY-At Large) Introduces H.R. 5086
Chair of the House Republican Conference Congresswoman Liz Cheney (R-WY-At Large) introduced a bill to prevent President Trump from renewing civil nuclear sanctions waivers for Iran. In the upper chamber, Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) has introduced a similar version of the bill.
Senator Cruz (R-TX) Introduces S.2874
Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) introduced a bill to prevent President Trump from renewing civil nuclear sanctions waivers for Iran. In the lower chamber, Congresswoman Liz Cheney (R-WY-At Large) has introduced a similar bill.
Rep. Slotkin (D-MI08) introduces H. Res. 705
Congresswoman Elissa Slotkin (D-MI08) introduced a resolution to formally recognize the accomplishments of the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS in Iraq. Also, the resolution expresses the U.S.’ commitment to maintaining alliances with members of the coalition including each of the GCC states, in addition to Yemen and Iraq.
Rep. Nadler Introduces H.R. 5128
Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee Congressman Jerry Nadler (D-NY10) introduced a bill calling on the FBI and the Directorate of National Intelligence to declassify information related to Saudi Arabia’s alleged assistance in helping a Saudi national leave the United States while awaiting trial. A similar version of the bill passed the Senate on October 17th, 2019.
Rep. Cleaver (D-MO05) Introduces H. Res. 671
Congressman Emanuel Cleaver (D-MO05) introduced a bill to call on the United Arab Emirates to end all activities that enable money-laundering to help Iran evade U.S. sanctions.
The bill acknowledges past collaboration between the U.S. and the UAE to combat money laundering, however goes on to highlight continued shortcomings and calls on the UAE to work harder to stop the practice.
Senator Isakson (R-GA) Introduces S. Res. 395
Senator Johnny Isakson (R-GA) introduced a bill to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Iran Hostage Crisis. The bill calls for November 4th, 2019 to be designated as a national day of remembrance in memory of the ordeal.
Rep. Gabbard (HI-02) Introduces H. Res. 663
At a press conference in New York City Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI02) announced that today she is reintroducing H. Res 663 , to require the FBI and the intelligence community to release the findings of an investigation into the Saudi Arabian government’s alleged involvement in the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. Congresswoman Gabbard is a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President in 2020.
House Passes H.R. 4842
After having been introduced on October 21, 2019, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 4842 by a voice vote. If enacted, the bill will make funds available to construct a U.S. – pavilion at the 2020 World Expo in Dubai.
Rep. Phillips Introduces H.R. 4842
Congressman Dean Phillips (D-MN03) introduced a bill to provide funds for a United States pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai. Included within the bill is a stipulation that within 180 days prior to the pavilion’s opening, the Department of State must release a report providing an update on the United Arab Emirates’ human rights record.
Senate Passes S.2635
On the same day the bill was introduced by Senator Ron Wyden, the Senate passed S.2635 by unanimous consent. Up next, the bill will be considered by the House of Representatives.
Senator Wyden (D-OR) Introduces S. 2635
Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) introduced a bill that, if enacted, would require the release of information related to an investigation into whether the government of Saudi Arabia assisted any Saudi nationals from leaving the United States while under criminal investigation.
Rep. Latta (R-OH0511) Introduces H. Res. 597
Congressman Robert Latta (R-OH05) introduced a bill citing the recent attacks on the Abqaiq oil facilities as the primary reason to support access to all domestic energy sources so that the United States can achieve full energy security.
The bill mentions how in 2018 9% of all petroleum imports were from KSA, and also mentions the out-size role of the geopolitics of OPEC states in influencing energy markets.
Rep. Connolly (D-VA11) Introduces H.R. 4507
Congressman Gerald Connolly (D-VA11) introduced a bill that would prohibit arms sales to Saudi Arabia for 120 days, investigate whether Saudi intelligence officials intimidate or harass Saudi nationals in the United States, close Saudi facilities being used to surveil Saudi nationals, and review U.S. intelligence to determine if it fulfilled its duty to warn Jamal Khashoggi of the potential threats he faced.
Senate Confirms U.S. Ambassador to UAE
The United States Senate confirmed Mr. John Rakolta to serve as the new U.S. Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates in a 63Y to 30N vote. Mr. Rakolta was first nominated for the post by President Trump in March 2018 and has been vacant since.
Senator Klobuchar (D-MN) Introduces S. 2493
Senator Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) introduced a bill that would establish the Malign Foreign Influence Response Center within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. The legislation lists Iran as one of four countries that have attempted, or are attempting, to enact foreign influence campaigns against the United States.
Senator Rubio Sends Letter concerning Bahrain
Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) led a group of Senators in sending a letter to President Trump raising awareness of “Bahrain’s worsening human rights record and the implications for U.S. security.” The letter mentions the cases of high-profile jailed opposition leaders including Nabeel Rajab, Sheikh Ali Salman, Abdulhadi Al Khawaja and Dr. Aduljalil Al Singace. The letter was co-signed by Senators Chris Murphy (D-CN) and Ron Wyden (D-OR).
Senate Committee Approves Amdt. to S.2474
An amendment proposed by Senator Chris Murphy (D-CN) amending the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2020 (S.2474) was approved in a voice vote by the Senate Committee on Appropriations.
If passed, the amendment would prohibit U.S. support for the Arab Coalition in Yemen until the Secretary of Defense can certify that U.S. – manufactured weapons are not being transferred to Yemeni proxy groups.
Congressional Delegation visits Saudi Arabia, UAE and Oman
Just prior to the Senate returning to Washington D.C. after the August recess, Senators Angus King (I-ME) and Todd Young (R-IN) took part in a Congressional Delegation that visited Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Oman.
Notable from the trip was a meeting between the two Senators and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, during which King and Young reportedly questioned the ruler concerning the October 2018 murder of Jamal Khashoggi. Of his thoughts on the incident after the meeting Senator King shared, “The people involved have to be held accountable and I think he has to take on some level of responsibility, whether or not he gave the order.”
Senator Chris Coons (D-DE) Introduces S. 2351
Senator Chris Coons (D-DE) introduced a bill to ‘promote Human Rights and Accountability in Saudi Arabia.’ The bill is the Senate version of Rep. Tom Malinowski’s (D-NJ07) H.R. 2037 which passed the House on July 15, 2019.
If enacted the bill would require the Department of State to release a report on human rights in Saudi Arabia, as well as potentially apply sanctions to Saudi actors responsible for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi. The bipartisan bill is co-sponsored by Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC).
Senator Van Hollen Introduces S. 2338
Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) introduced a bill that would impose strict nonproliferation conditions on the U.S. import-export bank, so as to ensure that tax-payer dollars do not finance the production of a Saudi-made nuclear weapon. The bipartisan legislation is co-sponsored by Senators Lindsey Graham (R-SC), Jeff Merkley (D-OR), and Jerry Moran (R-KS)
Senate Fails to Override Veto Concerning U.S. – Saudi/UAE Arms Sales
The Senate’s efforts, that began on June 5th, to block an impending sale of weapons to the UAE and Saudi Arabia ended when the Senate failed to reach the 60 vote threshold to overturn President Trump’s veto. The sales are now expected to proceed.
Foreign Relations Committee Advances S. 398 (13Y-19N)
Today, at a hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, a bill originally put forth by Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ) on February 7th, 2019 was advanced by a bipartisan group of Senators. If enacted the bill would place sanctions on individuals deemed responsible for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, and terminate arms-sales to Saudi Arabia.
Senator Risch (R-ID) Withdrawals S. 2066
After the Senate Foreign Relations Committee approved amendments to Senator Risch’s bill that would curb U.S. – Saudi Weapons sales, the Senator chose to withdrawal the bill from consideration. The bill was originally introduced on July 9th, 2019 and if enacted would place visa travel restrictions on members of the Saudi royal family.
Foreign Relations Committee Advances Nomination (15Y-7N)
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee advanced the nomination of John Rakolta to become the U.S. ambassador to the United Arab Emirates. The vote passed the committee by a 15Y-7N margin, with Senators Murphy (D-CN) and Coons (D-DE) joining their Republican colleagues. Next, the nomination will be considered by the full Senate.
Rep. Clay (D-MO01) Introduces H. Res 524
Rep. William Lacy Clay (D-MO01) introduced a bill to call on the UAE to end alleged human rights violations against political prisoners and prisoners of free speech.
President Trump Vetoes Bills Meant to Block Arms Sales to UAE & Saudi Arabia
After having passed both the Senate and the House of Representatives, President Donald Trump vetoed three measures that sought to disapprove of impending weapons sales to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
The collection of bills were originally introduced on June 5th, 2019. Up next, the Congress will likely attempt to override the veto, however, it is not expected that there are the votes to do so.
House Passes 22 Resolutions Related to Saudi Weapons Sales (237Y-190N & 238Y-190N)
In two separate votes the House of Representatives passed a collection of Saudi and Emirati arms sales disapprovals that had been passed by the Senate on June 20, 2019. The bills were originally introduced on June 5, 2019. Next, the bills will go to President Trump, who is expected to veto the measures.
Rep. Barbara Lee Introduces H. Res 495
Representative Barbara Lee (D-CA13) introduced a resolution urging President Trump to re-enter the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, otherwise known as the Iran Nuclear Agreement. Additionally, the bill calls on President Trump to pursue diplomatic efforts to reduce ongoing tensions between the U.S. and Iran.
House Passes H.R 2037 (407Y-7N)
The United States House of Representatives Passed H.R 2037. The bill was introduced on April 2, 2019 and, if enacted, instructs the Director of National Intelligence to produce a report outlining the actors responsible for last October’s murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Upon completion of the report, the bill instructs that sanctions related to visas and travel to the United States be placed on those found responsible in the report. The bill allows for these sanctions to be lifted if and when Saudi Arabia exhibits improvement in several areas related to human rights.
House Passes H.Res 129 (Voice Vote)
In a ‘voice vote,’ the House of Representatives has passed a bill condemning Saudi Arabia’s treatment of imprisoned female activists.
The bill, introduced on February 13th, 2019 found its impetus in the allegations that at least ten women are currently being detained and experiencing torture in Saudi Arabia. The bill mentions by name, Hatoon al-Fassi, Aziza al-Yousef and Loujain al-Hathloul.
Rep. Bilirakis Introduces H. Res. 482
Representative Gus Bilirakis (R-FL12) introduced a bill to state that it is the House of Representatives’ official position to promote peace amongst the Gulf Cooperation Council member states.
The explanatory section of the bill lists a variety of reasons as to why a unified GCC is an important ally of the United States, including: the bloc’s “stabilizing force” against Iran, and its assistance in defeating ISIS.
Additionally, the bill goes on to stress the importance of ending the Gulf Crisis due to the rift having undermined Middle Eastern Security.
The bipartisan resolution is co-sponsored by Rep. Carolyn Maloney (D-NY12) and
Senator Risch (R-ID) Introduces S. 2066
Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Jim Risch (R-ID) introduced a bill ‘to review United States Saudi Arabia Policy.’
Content of the bill has yet to be fully elaborated upon by Senator Risch’s office, however the politics surrounding the bill are already notable given that the Senator is a frequent ally of President Trump and therefore must write a bill that is acceptable to a President who rejected calls to blame the Saudi Government for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, and a Congressional majority comprised of Senate Democrats and a few crossover Republicans who continue to seek an acceptable way to reprimand the Kingdom for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi.
According to reporting from Politico, Senator Risch’s bill will be an attempt to forge a solution that can pass Congress and be signed by the President
Senate Calls for Investigation
Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ) sent a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, seeking clarification as to reports that weapons sold by the U.S. to the UAE ended up in the hands of General Haftar’s Libyan National Army. Specifically, the letter mentions the UAE’s alleged transfer of ‘javelin’ anti-armor missiles to these Libyan actors.
The letter calls on the State Department’s Inspector General to determine the veracity of these reports, and if this breach in law constitutes a reason to terminate weapons sales to the UAE.
Rep. Lofgren Introduces H. Con. Res. 51
Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren (D-CA19) introduced a bill calling on President Trump to respect the Emoluments Clause of the United States Constitution. The clause pertains to the receiving of foreign gifts and foreign corruption.
As evidence of potential violations of this clause the bill cites leases at Trump properties by the governments of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait and Iraq that have occurred during his Presidency. Specifically, the bill references a $270,000 bill paid for a lobbying firm by Saudi Arabia at a Trump property in Washington, D.C.
Senator Tom Cotton Introduces S. Con. Res. 21
Senator Tom Cotton (R-AS) introduced a bill condemning the human rights violations of the Houthi rebels in Yemen, particularly their cooperation with Iranian supporters.
The bill is unique given it follows months of legislation on Capitol Hill targeting the humanitarian consequences of Saudi Arabia’s actions. In contrast, Senator Cotton’s bill depicts Saudi Arabia as a victim, calling on the Senate to condemn Houthi attacks on Saudi civilian infrastructure and personnel. Additionally, the bill condemns the financial, moral and logistic support given to the Houthis by Iran and Iranian actors.
Rep. Speier (D-CA14) Introduces H. Res 472
Congresswoman Jackie Speier (D-CA14) introduced a bill calling on the President to strongly condemn the killing of Jamal Khashoggi, as well as the imprisonment of and violence against journalists worldwide. Additionally, the bill calls on the President to ‘hold accountable’ the actors responsible for Khashoggi’s killing.
Rep. Will Hurd (R-TX23) Introduces H. Con. Res. 50
Congressman Will Hurd (R-TX23) introduced a bill condemning the human rights violations of the Houthi rebels in Yemen, particularly their cooperation with Iranian supporters.
The bill is unique given it follows months of legislation on Capitol Hill targeting the humanitarian consequences of Saudi Arabia’s actions. In contrast, Rep. Hurd’s bill depicts Saudi Arabia as a victim, calling on the House to condemn Houthi attacks on Saudi civilian infrastructure and personnel. Additionally, the bill condemns the financial, moral and logistic support given to the Houthis by Iran and Iranian actors.
House Foreign Affairs Committee Marks Up H.R. 2037
On June 26th, 2019 the House Foreign Affairs Committee considered Rep. Tom Malinowski’s (D-NJ07) “Saudi Arabia and Human Rights Accountability Act of 2019.”
The bill was introduced on April 2, 2019 and, if enacted, instructs the Director of National Intelligence to produce a report outlining the actors responsible for last October’s murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi.
Upon completion of the report, the bill instructs that sanctions related to visas and travel to the United States be placed on those found responsible in the report.
The bill allows for these sanctions to be lifted if and when Saudi Arabia exhibits improvement in several areas related to human rights.
Senate Foreign Relations Committee Advances S. 1945
The Senate Foreign Affairs Committee advanced a bill by voice vote from Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ). Informally titled the ‘SAFE’ (Saudi Arabia False Emergencies) act, the bill seeks to close the loophole utilized by President Trump to bypass Congressional review of arms sales by declaring an ‘emergency.’
If passed, the bill would make it so the ‘emergency’ provision of the Arms Export Control Act could only apply to NATO allies, Australia, Israel, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand.
Although the bill does have bipartisan support from Lindsay Graham (R-SC), Rand Paul (R-KY) and Mike Lee (R-UT), the bill may not receive a floor vote due to opposition from Committee Chairman Jim Risch (R-ID) and other Republican leaders.
Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) Introduces Amendment 0842 (S. 1790)
Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) introduced an amendment to the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act that would use frozen Iranian assets to cover the cost of the American drone shot down by Iran on June 20th, 2019. Reports put the overall cost of the drone at $110 million USD.
Senate Passes 22 Resolutions Blocking Saudi Weapons Sale (51Y-45N)
On June 20, 2019 the Senate, in three separate measures, voted to block an impending sale of weapons that has been expedited by the Trump Administration.
On June 5th, 2019 upon notification that the Administration would seek to circumvent Congress, Senator Menendez (D-NJ) introduced 22 separate privileged resolutions seeking to block the sale.
Instead of voting on each bill separately, Senator Mitchel McConnell (R-KY) and Menendez agreed to vote on the bills in three packages.
Each of votes resulted in a 51Y-45N, with the ‘yeas’ expressing disapproval of the sale. Next the bills will be voted on in the House of Representatives.
House Armed Service Committee Passes H.R 2500 (33Y-24N)
On June 13th, 2019 the House Armed Services Committee passed the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal Year 2020. Next the bill will be considered by the full house. The bill had originally been introduced on May 2nd.
Included within the annual bill is an appropriation of up to $53,360,000 for Navy Construction projects in Bahrain, presumably for the Naval Support Activity base on the island.
Additionally, the bill includes a $1,045,000,000 overseas contingency appropriation for the “Counter Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Train and Equip” fund.
On June 14th, 2019 it was announced that a bill from the 115th Congress (H.R. 608 “Stop Arming Terrorists Act”) has been included in the version of H.R. 2500 forwarded by the committee.
Senate Rejects S.J. Res 20 (43Y-56N)
The Senate rejected a motion to discharge S.J Res 26 from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee by a 43Y-56N margin, with the “nays” being in favor of allowing the sale to proceed. This means the sale will not be blocked by the Senate.
The bill was introduced on May 13, 2019 by Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) and sought to block an upcoming sale of U.S. weaponry to the nation of Bahrain.
The bill was in response to a recent sale approved by the State Department on May 6, 2019 that includes several types of missiles and technologies related to Bahrain’s obtaining of F-16 block 70 aircraft, as well as modifications to Bahrain’s F-16V. The deal itself is valued at $750 million USD.
Senate Rejects S.J Res 26 (42Y-57N)
The Senate rejected a motion to discharge S.J. Res 26 from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee by a 42Y-57N margin, with the “nays” being in favor of allowing the sale to proceed. This means the sale will not be blocked by the Senate.
The bill was introduced on May 14, 2019 by Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) and sought to block an upcoming sale of U.S. weaponry to the nation of Qatar.
The bill was in response to an arms sale to Qatar that was approved by the State Department on May 6, 2019. Among other items, the sale is set to include an order for 24 Apache attack helicopters, a transaction valued at $3 billion USD.
Rep. Lieu Introduces H.J Res 62
Congressman Ted Lieu (D-CA33) introduced the House counterpart to a bill seeking to block 22 arms sales to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
The introduction of the legislation was announced following a hearing in the United States House of Representatives concerning the Trump Administration’s decision to greenlight these weapons sales without Congressional oversight by invoking an ‘emergency declaration.’
A similar resolution is circulating in the Senate, which is likely to be voted on next and is expected to pass.
Rep. Spanberger Introduces H.J Res 64
Congresswoman Abigail Spanberger (D-VA07) introduced a resolution that would specifically reject the transfer of U.S.-made weapons to Saudi Arabia and the UAE that utilize precision-guided munitions. The bill targets some of the 22 weapons transfers approved by the Trump Administration under his Congress-bypassing ‘emergency declaration.’
Congresswoman Spanberger is also a co-sponsor of legislation seeking to prevent each of these sales.
Rep. Cicilline Introduces H.J Res 61
Congressman David Cicilline (D-RI01) introduced a resolution that would reject the sale of certain precision-guided munitions to Saudi Arabia.
The bill is similar to legislation introduced on the same day by Congresswoman Abigail Spanberger (D-VA07) and Congressman Ted Lieu (D-CA33)
Senator Murphy Introduces S. Res 243
Senator Chris Murphy (D-CN) and Senator Todd Young (R-IN) introduced a bill invoking a section of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to require the Secretary of State to produce a report detailing the human rights practices of Saudi Arabia in Yemen. The bill has privileged status, which means the Senators can force actions related to the bill if the Foreign Relations Committee refuses to act.
Following the report’s deliverance to Congress, the bill also makes it so that Murphy and Young could force a vote on the overall U.S. – Saudi security relationship, with the ultimate goal of blocking a slew of impending arms sales.
Sen. Menendez Introduces 22 Arms Sales-Related Resolutions
Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ) introduced 22 separate resolutions seeking to block arms transfers to Saudi Arabia and the UAE that had been approved by the Trump Administration. The introduction of the resolutions comes after the Trump Administration attempted to bypass the authority given to the Senate by the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) to have 30 days to review all foreign U.S. arms sales. In order to do this, the Administration invoked “emergency authority,” a provision within the act that allows for the expedition of a sale. The resolutions appear to have bipartisan support, with co-sponsors including Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC) and Senator Rand Paul (R-KY). It is not entirely clear why separate resolutions were introduced for different aspects of the sale, however an additional provision of the AECA allows for these resolutions of disapproval to have ‘privileged status,’ meaning that the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee can force votes for each bill on the floor, without Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) having the opportunity to keep these measures from the Senate.
Rep. Gabbard Introduces H. Res 411
Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI02) introduced a bill seeking to classify Presidential pursuits of war (without approval from Congress) as qualifying for the ‘high crimes and misdemeanors’ definition of an impeachable offense.
While the bill does not mention any country by name, on June 17th, 2019 Congresswoman Gabbard stated at a campaign stop that the bill is meant as a safeguard against what she implied was President Trump’s illegal war with Iran.
Congresswoman Gabbard is a candidate for the Democratic Nomination for President in 2020.
President Trump Notifies Congress
President Donald Trump notified Congressional officials that he intends to use an overlooked window in the Arms Export Control Act, to guarantee the sale of precision-guided missiles to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates without the usually-required Congressional approval.
Senate Amendment Fails (9Y-13N)
On May 22, 2019 Senators Chris Murphy (D-CN) and Tom Udall (D-NM) forced a vote on an amendment to a bill that would restrict the President from using unapproved Congressional funds to finance military actions against Iran. Democrats on the Foreign Relations Committee voted unanimously in favor of the amendment, however, with only one aisle-crossing Republican vote from Senator Rand Paul (R-KY), the measure failed.
The failure to pass the amendment comes just a day after the House of Representatives passed Rep. Barbara Lee’s (R-TX13) amendment to overturn Authorization of the Use of Military Force Acts, in a similar goal of inhibiting the President’s options to go to war with Iran.
H. Res 129 Proceeds from Committee
After having been introduced to the House Foreign Affairs Committee by Rep. Lois Frankel (D-FL21) on February 13, 2019, a bill to express U.S. disapproval of the detention of Saudi women’s rights activists has unanimously been approved by the committee for consideration by the full House of Representatives.
House Appropriations Passes Rep. Lee Amendment (30Y-22N)
The House Appropriations Committee passed an amendment from Rep. Barbara Lee (D-TX13) to the 2020 Defense Appropriations Act (H.R 2839). The amendment pertains to the Authorization of the Use of Military Force Act of 2001 (AUMF) that allowed the President to go to war in Iraq. The amendment overrides the 2001 version of the AUMF, out of concerns that the authorization may too broadly allow the President to go to war with Iran. If the bill becomes law, the legislation gives Congress 8 months to develop a new AUMF. Up next, the full 2020 Defense Appropriations Act will be voted on by the full House of Representatives.
Rep. Pence (R-IN06) Introduces H.R 2790
Congressman Greg Pence (R-IN06) introduced the House iteration of a bill that seeks to make available Iranian financial assets to compensate American victims of Iranian terrorism. The bill specifically mentions those injured in the October 23, 1983 bombing of U.S. Marine Barracks in Beirut.
The bill comes in the midst of a flurry of Congressional activity regarding Iran.
Senator Cotton (R-AR) Introduces S.1529
Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) introduced the Senate iteration of a bill that seeks to make available Iranian financial assets to compensate American victims of Iranian terrorism. The bill specifically mentions those injured in the October 23, 1983 bombing of U.S. Marine Barracks in Beirut.
The bill comes in the midst of a flurry of Congressional activity regarding Iran.
Rep. Moulton Introduces H.J Res 58
Congressman Seth Moulton (D-MA06) introduced a bill making it so that any engagement in hostilities with Iran would require congressional approval. The bill is similar to other measures currently circulating Congress and comes after days of ratcheting tensions between the U.S. and Iran. Seth Moulton is currently a candidate for the Democratic Presidential Nomination in 2020.
Senator Paul Introduces S.J Res 26
Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) introduced a bill seeking to block an upcoming sale of U.S. weaponry to the nation of Qatar. The bill is in response to an arms sale to Qatar that was approved by the State Department on May 6, 2019. Among other items, the sale is set to include an order for 24 Apache attack helicopters, a transaction valued at $3 billion USD. The bill comes alongside two similar bills aimed at Bahrain and the UAE respectively, both of which seek to block recently approved weapons sales to these countries.
Senator Paul Introduces S.J Res 25
Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) introduced a bill seeking to block an upcoming sale of U.S. weaponry to the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The bill is seemingly in response to an arms sale to the UAE that was approved by the State Department on May 3, 2019. The potential sale includes several upgrades to various Patriot missile systems and is valued at $2.73 billion USD. The bill comes just one day after Sen. Paul introduced legislation seeking to block a similar sale to Bahrain.
Senator Paul Introduces S.J Res 20
Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) introduced a bill seeking to block an upcoming sale of U.S. weaponry to the nation of Bahrain. The bill is most likely in reference to a recent sale approved by the State Department on May 6, 2019 that includes several types of missiles and technologies related to Bahrain’s obtaining of F-16 block 70 aircraft, as well as modifications to Bahrain’s F-16V. The deal itself is valued at $750 million USD. Last year Senator Paul tried to block a sale of weapons to Bahrain, however, his legislation did not pass.
Rep. McClintock (R-CA04) Introduces H. Res 374
Rep. Tom McClintock (R-CA04) introduced a bill that condemns the Iranian government’s sponsoring of terrorism, and declares the House of Representative’s support of pro-Democracy reformers in Iran.
The resolution calls on the United States to work with Europe to hold Iran accountable for ‘diplomatic breaches’ in the Balkan States, with the eventual goal of closing Iranian embassies, particularly in Albania. Simultaneously, the bill reiterates American support for Iranians working to establish a secular Democratic Republic.
Senator Cotton (D-AR) Introduces S. Res 195
Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) introduced a bill celebrating the anniversary of the U.S.’ withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. The bill lists the perceived flaws of the Iran Nuclear Agreement, reiterates Congressional opposition to Iran ever acquiring a nuclear weapon and also states that it is the Senate’s position that Iran should not receive any sanctions relief. The bill is cosponsored by 12 Senate Republicans
Rep. Levin (D-MI09) Introduces H.R 2537
Congressman Andy Levin (D-MI09) introduced a bill extending the amount of time available to Iraqi nationals residing within the U.S. to have their cases heard in immigration court prior to deportation.
At a press conference, Congressman Levin told reporters, “Iraqi nationals with orders for removal must have the time it takes to have their cases heard individually in immigration court. Numerous Iraqi nationals, including many Chaldean Christians, will face persecution for their religion, their ethnicity or their ties to America if they are forced back to Iraq against their will. It is our duty to do everything we can to protect them.”
Rep. Smith (D-WA09) H.R 2500
Congressman Adam Smith (D-WA09) introduced the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020.
Included within the annual bill is an appropriation of up to $53,360,000 for Navy Construction projects in Bahrain, presumably for the Naval Support Activity base on the island.
Additionally, the bill includes a $1,045,000,000 overseas contingency appropriation for the “Counter Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Train and Equip” fund.
Senate Sustains Presidential Veto of S.J Res 7 (53Y-45N)
After having been vetoed by President Trump on April 16th, the Senate failed to override the Presidential veto of the Yemen War Powers Resolution by a 53Y-45N margin, with the ‘nays’ representing a supportive vote for the President.
In order to have overruled the veto, the Senate would have needed to muster a 2/3’s majority (67 ‘yea’ votes), a bar the Senate failed to achieve. The sustaining of this veto marks the end of several efforts to end U.S. support for the War in Yemen by invoking the War Powers Resolution. Although it achieved some historic legislative victories, it appears that for the time being U.S. support for the Arab Coalition in the war will continue
Rep. Lee (D-CA13) Introduces H.R 2456
Congresswoman Barbara Lee (D-CA13) introduced a bill to repeal the congressional authorizations that allowed the United States to initiate military action against Iraq in 2002.
Although primarily symbolic in nature, the bill comes after the introduction of similar Senate legislation by Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) that sought to repeal military-force authorizations related to the wars against Iraq citing 1991 and 2003.
Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-CA18) Introduces H.R 2354
Congresswoman Anna Eshoo (D-CA18) introduced the House iteration of the “Prevention of Unconstitutional War With Iran Act,” a bill of which a version had previously been introduced in the Senate by Senator Tom Udall (D-NM).
The bill would limit the ability of the Executive Branch to engage in “kinetic” military operations against Iran. The bill cites past statements and tweets by the President that to some indicate a ratcheting of tensions between the Trump Administration and Iran. If passed, the bill would make it so that military operations in or against Iran only receive funding if approved by Congress.
Senators Send Letter to Ambassador Reema bint Bandar bin Sultan
On April 19, 2019 Senators Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) and Susan Collins (R-ME) on behalf of 16 other Senators sent a letter to Ambassador Reema bint Bandar bin Sultan, the newly arriving Saudi Ambassador to the United States.
The letter broadly raises concern as to reports of the treatment of women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and specifically calls for the dismantling of the Guardianship System, as well as an end to the mistreatment of detained female activists.
All four female Senators running for the Democratic nomination for President in 2020 (Klobuchar, Warren, Gillibrand, Harris) signed the letter.
President Trump Vetoes S.J Res 7
A few days after the bill arrived from Congress, President Trump formally vetoed the War Powers Resolution seeking to curtail U.S. support to the Saudi-led Arab Coalition in Yemen. Justifying his position, Trump commented, “This resolution is an unnecessary, dangerous attempt to weaken my constitutional authorities, endangering the lives of American citizens and brave service members, both today and in the future.”
Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduces S. Res. 169
On April 11, 2019 Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced a Senate Resolution condemning human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia. As justification, the bill lists a series of recent controversies involving the Kingdom, including the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, detention of women activists, humanitarian consequences of the war in Yemen, criminalization of homosexuality and torture, among others.
The resolution invokes subsection (a)(2) of section 502b of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, which iterates American security assistance should not be provided to nations that are suspected of such abuses.
The text of the bill directly blames Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi.
Senate (92Y-7N) Confirms General John Abizaid (Ret.) Ambassador to Saudi Arabia
On April 10th, 2019 the Senate confirmed General John Abizaid (Ret) to assume the position of United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia. The confirmation makes him the first U.S. Ambassador to Riyadh since President Trump’s inauguration in 2017.
Rep. Justin Amash (R-MI06) Introduces H.J Res. 56
Representative Justin Amash (R-MI03) introduced legislation that would require President Trump to terminate U.S. Armed Forces’ support to the Saudi-led Arab Coalition in Yemen. The introduction of this legislation came on the same day Speaker Pelosi signed S.J Res 7, a bill invoking the War Powers Resolution in order to gain an identical end.
Unlike S.J Res 7, Rep. Amash’s bill does not invoke the War Powers Resolution.
Rep. Raul Ruiz Introduces H.R. 2880
Representative Raul Ruiz (D-CA36) introduced legislation to curtail illicit smuggling efforts directed by Iran. The legislation specifically seeks to allow for the U.S. to train authorities in nations that border the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and the Mediterranean Sea so that they can deter the smuggling of Iranian weapons through these regions.
Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX10) Introduces H.R 2118
Michael McCaul (R-TX10) introduces legislation that if passed would apply additional sanctions to Iran related to the nation’s ballistic missiles program and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). The bill comes on the same day that President Donald Trump announced the IRGC’s categorization as a foreign terrorist organization.
Senate (54Y-46N) & House (247Y-176N) Pass S.J Res. 7
The United States House of Representatives passed S.J Res. 7, a previously passed Senate bill invoking the War Powers Resolution in order to curtail U.S. support for the Saudi-led Arab Coalition in the war in Yemen. This marks the first time in U.S. history that both legislative chambers passed the same iteration of a War Powers Resolution. The bill’s passage came after months of procedural measures were used in order to prevent a given chamber from voting on the other chamber’s version of the legislation. Next the bill will go to President Trump, who is expected to veto the legislation according to the White House. (The Hill)
Tom Udall (D-NM) Introduces S.1039
Senator Tom Udall (D-NM) introduces the “Prevention of Unconstitutional War with Iran Act” to limit the ability of the Executive Branch to engage in “kinetic” military operations against Iran. The bill cites past statements and tweets by the President that to some indicate a ratcheting of tensions between the Trump Administration and Iran. If passed, the bill would make it so that military operations in or against Iran only receive funding if approved by Congress. The bill is co-sponsored by a number of Democratic Senators, as well as Republican Senator Rand Paul (R-KY).
Senators Send Letter to Secretary of Energy Rick Perry
Senators Bob Menendez (D-NJ) and Marco Rubio (R-FL) sent a letter to Secretary of Energy Rick Perry seeking clarification following reports that the Trump Administration granted companies permission to sell nuclear technologies to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The letter cites the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 which requires all international nuclear partnerships to be Congressionally certified under a 123 agreement, something to which Saudi Arabia and the U.S. are not partners. The letter mentions that many in Congress worry Saudi officials have interest in developing a nuclear weapon, and do not want to encourage a nuclear race between Saudi Arabia and Iran.
Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX) Introduces S.925
Senator John Cornyn (R-TX) introduced a bill that would add additional sanctions to Iranian actors supporting or participating in the activities of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).
The bill is cosponsored by Senators Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ), Thom Tillis (R-NC), Susan Collins (R-ME), Deb Fischer (R-NE) and Marco Rubio (R-FL).
Rep. Jeff Fortenberry (R-NE01) Introduces H.Res 259
Congressman Jeff Fortenberry (R-NE01) introduced a resolution that the House formally recognize its support for the repatriation of Iraqi religious minorities to their ethnic homelands in Iraq.
The bill specifically mentions Iraq’s Nineveh Plain, and highlights the discrimination that has historically been faced by Assyrian Chaldean Syriac Christians, Yazidis and Shabak. The bill calls on the U.S. to work with international organizations and the Kurdish regional government to integrate all religious communities.
The bill is cosponsored by Congresswoman Anna Eshoo (D-CA18).
Senators Send Letter to King of Saudi Arabia
A group of Senate Democrats led by Senator Dick Durbin (D-IL) sent a letter to King Salman of Saudi Arabia raising concerns over reports of human rights abuses experienced by activists and an American citizen detained in Saudi Arabia.
The letter’s introduction mentions prominent cases of Raif Badawi, Loujain al-Hathloul and Dr. Walid Fitaihi. The latter is an American citizen who has been held in Saudi Arabia without charges since 2017, and recently gained Congressional attention amidst reports of torture.
The letter also points to the murder of Jamal Khashoggi and the war in Yemen as evidence that, “for too long, human rights have taken a backseat in Saudi Arabia.” The letter culminates in a call for the release of these prisoners. Sen. Durbin was joined by eight follow Senators, including 2020 Presidential candidates Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) in signing the letter.
Rep. Zoe Lofgren (D-CA19) Introduces H.Res 238
Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren (D-CA19) introduced a resolution that the House formally recognize the significance of Nowruz, the celebration of the traditional Iranian New Year.
As justification of the holiday’s importance to the U.S., the bill mentions Nowruz’s 300,000,000 global observers. Additionally, the bill mentions the contributions of Iranian-Americans to the U.S.’s social fabric, economy, government and military. The legislation suggests Nowruz should be recognized to remind Americans of the “contribution of Persian Culture to the world.”
Senate (54Y-46N) Passes S.J Res. 7
The United States Senate passed a War Powers Resolution to curtail United States’ military assistance to the Arab-led coalition in Yemen. The body had passed a similar bill during the 115th Congress, and due to rules of Senate procedure was unable to consider H.J Res 37 after it passed the House earlier this year.
Up next, the Senate version of this resolution will go to the House, where it is expected to pass. If so, the measure will go to the President, who is anticipated to veto the War Powers Measure. The bill was sponsored by Senators Bernie Sanders (I-VT), Chris Murphy (D-CN) and Mike Lee (R-UT) among other co-sponsors.
Rep. Theodore Deutch (D-FL22) Introduces H.Res 218
Congressman Theodore Deutch (D-FL22) introduced legislation calling on Iran to fulfill it’s stated promise to provide assistance in determining the whereabouts of missing retired FBI Agent Robert Levinson.
Mr. Levinson disappeared 12 years ago after checking into a hotel on Iran’s Kish Island. Since then, video and images have surfaced indicating Mr. Levinson is alive and being held in captivity somewhere in Southwest Asia. The Government of Iran has repeatedly pledged to assist in locating Mr. Levinson, however according to the legislation, Iran has not fulfilled it’s promises. In 2016 UNGWAD determined Iran was responsible for Mr. Levinson’s arbitrary detention. In 2013, Mr. Levinson became the longest-held arbitrarily detained American citizen.
Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL) Introduces S. Res. 104
Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) introduced legislation calling on Iran to fulfill it’s stated promise to provide assistance in determining the whereabouts of missing retired FBI agent Robert Levinson.
Mr. Levinson disappeared 12 years ago after checking into a hotel on Iran’s Kish Island. Since then, video and images have surfaced indicating Mr. Levinson is alive and being held in captivity somewhere in Southwest Asia. The Government of Iran has repeatedly pledged to assist in locating Mr. Levinson, however according to the legislation, Iran has not fulfilled it’s promises. In 2016 UNGWAD determined Iran was responsible for Mr. Levinson’s arbitrary detention. In 2013, Mr. Levinson became the longest-held arbitrarily detained American citizen.
Rep. Theodore Deutch (D-FL22) Introduces H.Res 187
Congressman Theodore Deutch (D-FL22) introduced legislation calling on Iran to unconditionally release all American citizens and legal residents currently being imprisoned in Iran.
The legislation mentions several notable disappearances, including that of Robert Levinson, a former FBI agent who was last seen on Iran’s Kish Island in March 2007. In November 2016 the U.S. determined the Iranian government was responsible for Levinson’s disappearance and arbitrary detention.
In addition to Levinson, the bill mentions other U.S residents detained by Iran including Siamak Namazi, Baquer Namazi, Xiyue Wang and Nizar Zakka.
Sen. Tim Kaine (D-VA) Introduces S.J Res 13
Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) introduced a joint resolution to repeal the Congressional authorizations that had been given to the Executive branch allowing Presidents to take military actions in 1991 in Kuwait and 2003 in Iraq. If passed, the resolution would formally end both of these wars.
In introducing the legislation Senator Kaine said repealing these authorizations will create an extra-hurdle for future Presidents to take military action, thusly allowing Congress to reassert its authority on matters of war and intervention.
The bill is co-sponsored by Marine veteran Senator Todd Young (R-IN).
Rep. Bradley Schneider Introduces H.R 1541
Congressman Bradley Schneider (D-IL10) introduced a bill that would require the President to submit a report to both chambers of Congress outlining the effects Saudi nuclear enrichment would have on the United States, Israel and other U.S. allies.
The bill is co-sponsored by Congressman Mark Meadows (R-NC11).
Rep. Brad Sherman (D-CA30) Introduces H.R 1471
Congressman Brad Sherman (D-CA30) introduced the House iteration of a bill that seeks to ensure any US-Saudi Nuclear cooperation is subject to Congressional approval.
The bill also makes clear that the United States should not engage in nuclear cooperation with Saudi Arabia unless the nation becomes more transparent in the factors that led to the death of Jamal Khashoggi. Additionally, the bill calls for Saudi Arabia to fall in-line with the “gold standard” of non-proliferation, meaning that Saudi Arabia should not enrich Uranium within it’s own borders. The bill is co-sponsored by Congressman Ted Yoho (R-FL03).
Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) Introduces S. 612
Senator Ed Markey introduced the Senate iteration of a bill that seeks to ensure any US-Saudi Nuclear cooperation is subject to Congressional approval.
The bill also makes clear that the United States should not engage in nuclear cooperation with Saudi Arabia unless the nation becomes more transparent in the factors that led to the death of Jamal Khashoggi. Additionally, the bill calls for Saudi Arabia to fall in-line with the “gold standard” of non-proliferation, meaning that Saudi Arabia should not enrich Uranium within it’s own borders. The bill is cosponsored by Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL).
Rep. David Kustoff (R-TN08) Introduces H.R 1441
Representative David Kustoff (R-TN08) introduced a bill that would require the Departments of State and Treasury to determine the levels of corruption among Senior Iranian officials, oligarchs, and Parastatal entities.
If passed, the report would indicate to Congress the extent to which corrupt Iranian officials are involved in the nation’s economy, and how this corruption impacts the United States and its allies. The text of the bill itself mentions Iranian President Hassan Rouhani.
The bill is cosponsored by Congressman Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ05).
Rep. Andy Levin (DMI09) H.Con.Res.23
Congressman Andy Levin (D-MI09) introduced legislation expressing that United States – Saudi Arabia cooperation on civilian nuclear projects must be contingent on the “gold-standard” of non-proliferation. Included in this gold-standard are insurances that Saudi Arabia must not enrich Uranium or separate Plutonium within its own territories.
The bill comes as the House version of S.Con.Res2, an identical Senate bill introduced by Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR). In the House the bill is co-sponsored by Congressman Justin Amash (R-MI3).
Sen Ron Wyden (D-OR) Introduces S.544
Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR), introduced a bill that, if passed, would require the Director of National Intelligence to submit a report to Congress concerning the murder of Jamal Khashoggi.
The report must include the identification of all actors who called-for and participated in the murder of the Saudi journalist.
The bill is co-sponsored by Senator(s) Martin Heinrich (D-NM), Jack Reed (D-RI), Kamala Harris (D-CA) and Chris Coons (D-DE).
Letter Sent to State & Defense Depts.
A bipartisan group of Representatives on the House Foreign Affairs Committee sent a letter to leaders of the Departments of State and Defense expressing concern at reports that U.S manufactured weapons have been acquired by unintended actors in Yemen. The letter comes four days after a similar letter was sent by Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA).
The letter cites several reports that US-made weapons sold to UAE and Saudi Arabia ended up in the hands of unvetted armed groups.
Among others, the letter was signed by both Committee Chairman Eliot Engle (D-NY16) and Ranking Member Michael McCaul (R-TX10).
The letter culminates with a request for a briefing on the situation.
Letter Sent to State & Defense Depts.
Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) sent a letter to the Secretary of State and Acting Secretary of Defense requesting that the two officials answer 13 questions related to how US weapons ended up in the hands of unintended actors in Yemen. Among the questions asked by the Senator were clarifications as to how the Pentagon monitors unapproved ‘re-transfers’ of weapons after sales have been finalized, and thoughts as to whether Congress should impose “end-use monitoring” agreements on Arms Sales. The letter gives a March 8, 2019 deadline for answers.
Senator Warren is currently pursuing the Democratic nomination for President in 2020, and this letter comes as yet another example of how the Senator has used her position on the Armed Services Committee to beef-up her foreign policy credentials.
House Investigation Opened
House Oversight Committee Chairman Rep. Elijah Cummings (D-MD07) opened a House Investigation into President Trump’s handling of US-Saudi relations after the emergence of reports that the Administration broke with ethics officials over the sale of nuclear technology to the Kingdom.
According to The Hill, the investigation is meant to determine if the sale would have resulted in financial benefits for those involved, a group that may include former National Security Advisor Michael Flynn.
Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL) Introduces S. Res. 73
Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) has introduced a Senate resolution similar to that introduced a day prior by Congresswoman Lois Frankel (D-FL21) in order to express the Senate’s sense that Saudi Arabia must immediately release all detained women’s rights activists in the Kingdom.
Like its House counterpart, the bill was motivated by reports of alleged torture of activists such as Loujain al-Hathloul while detained in Saudi prisons.
Senators Send Letter to Secretary Pompeo
Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ), ranking member of the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee sent an open letter to Secretary Pompeo lambasting him for failing to comply with stipulations of the Global Magnitsky Act invoked last fall. The bipartisan invocation of the act last October necessitates that the Trump Administration investigate the possibility of imposing sanctions on Saudi Arabia. The letter calls Pompeo’s response a “flagrant violation of the law,” and proceeds to request justification from the State Department as to its legal basis for not complying with Global Magnitsky. Additionally, the letter asks that Pompeo turn over a variety of documents related to the Trump Administration’s investigation of Khashoggi’s death. The letter imposes a February 28, 2019 deadline for the administration to turn over said documents.
Rep. Lois Frankel (D-FL12) Introduces H. Res. 129
Congresswoman Lois Frankel (D-Fl21) introduced legislation calling on the United States Congress to continue urging Saudi Arabia to release women’s rights activists currently imprisoned in the Kingdom.
It’s impetus was found in the allegations that at least ten women are currently being detained and experiencing torture in Saudi Arabia. The bill mentions by name, Hatoon al-Fassi, Aziza al-Yousef and Loujain al-Hathloul. The bill comes on a day when the House debates invoking the War Powers Resolution in regards to the US’s involvement in Yemen.
House Passes H.J Res 37 (248Y-177N)
The House of Representatives has passed H.J Res. 37, a War Powers bill to remove American forces fighting hostilities in Yemen that have not been approved by Congress. An amendment was approved that ensures the agreement will not affect intelligence sharing between the United States and Saudi Arabia. Up next the Senate will likely consider the bill. Should the entire Congress successfully invoke the War Powers Resolution, it would be unprecedented since the enactment of the resolution in 1973.
Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) Introduces S. Con. Res. 2
Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced legislation to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that expresses that United States – Saudi Arabia cooperation on civilian nuclear projects must be contingent on the “gold-standard” of non-proliferation. Included in this gold-standard are insurances that Saudi Arabia must not enrich Uranium or separate Plutonium within its own territories.
Senator Merkley introduced similar legislation in the 115th Congress when a report was ordered by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The bill is co-sponsored by Senators Rand Paul (R-KY) and Ed Markey (D-MA)
Rep. Steve Chabot (R-OH01) Introduces H.R 948
Representative Steve Chabot (R-OH01) introduced a bill that would allow members of Oil Producing Exporting Countries (OPEC) to be sued for collusion under United States anti-trust law. Proponents of the bill, colloquially known as N.O.P.E.C (No Oil Producing & Exporting Cartels Act), say that such legislation would prevent OPEC member nations from manipulating global oil prices. However, opponents of the legislation say that such a move would counter longstanding principles of sovereign immunity.
Legislation similar to NOPEC has been circulating for years, however the advent of President Trump seems to have given new steam to such efforts given his past criticisms of OPEC, in which he accused the body of keeping the price of oil artificially high.
Should the bill pass, it would have large repercussions for all oil-exporting nations, companies and investors involved in this business.
Sen. Bob Menendez (D-NJ) Introduces S. 398
Ranking Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Bob Menendez (D-NJ) released a bill seeking to find a peaceful resolution to the war in Yemen, as well as apply new sanctions on Saudi Arabia due to the government’s alleged role in the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Among other consequences, the bill would suspend arms transfers to Saudi Arabia, and prohibit in-flight refueling of Saudi aircraft by American planes.
As it relates to sanctions, the bill would apply sanctions on any actor contributing to Yemen’s instability, preventing the Yemeni peoples’ access to humanitarian goods or supporting the Houthi rebels. Additionally, the bill would impose sanctions on any actor found responsible for a role in the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.
Unlike other recently introduced legislation, this bill is not being invoked under the War Powers Resolution.
Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL) Introduces S.357
Similar to a bill introduced in the House by Congressman Joe Wilson (R-SC02), Senator Marco Rubio introduced a bill that would require an annual report on the extent to which religious intolerance is being taught in Saudi textbooks.
Should the bill be signed into law, responsibility for producing such a report would be held by the Department of State. The bill is co-sponsored by Senators Ron Wyden (D-OR) and Ed Markey (D-MA)
Senate Passes S.1 (77Y-23N)
A bill sponsored by Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) was placed on the Senate calendar. The bill, “Strengthening America’s Security in the Middle East Act of 2019” is wide-ranging in scope, and on several instances mentions the perceived threat of Iran and its presence in Syria as a primary reason for America’s continued military presence in the region.
The bill faced a rocky start after many otherwise “Yea” votes stalled on the bill out of frustration with the ongoing government shutdown. Additionally, an amendment introduced by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell was seen by some detractors, (particularly Senator Chris Murphy) as giving the President too much authority to potentially go to war with Iran. The amendment passed 70Y-26N. Ultimately, on February 6, 2019 the bill passed the Senate 77Y-23N. Up next the House may consider a complementary piece of legislation introduced by Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX10).
Rep. Ted Lieu (D-CA33) Introduces H.R 910
Alongside dual bills invoking the War Powers Resolution, Congressman Ted Lieu (D-CA33) introduced on January 30th a bill specifically seeking to prohibit American dollars from being used to refuel Saudi-led coalition aircraft in Yemen.
The legislation comes as Congress seems to be restarting efforts to alter the US-Saudi relationship in the aftermath of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi. The legislation is co-sponsored by Congresspersons Ted Yoho (R-FL03) and Tom Malinowski (D-NJ07).
Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) Introduces S. 231
Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced a bill seeking to reprimand and punish Saudi Arabia for having intervened to extradite Saudi nationals before facing charges due to alleged wrongdoing while in the United States.
According to the bill Saudi Arabia supposedly covered legal fees and posted bail for Saudi nationals, (including one allegedly involved in a fatal hit-and-run in 2016) before returning them to Saudi Arabia. Among other stipulations, the bill would require further investigation from American officials, while also imposing diplomatic consequences on Saudi officials involved in the extraditions. The bill is cosponsored by Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR).
Rep. Jim McGovern (D-MA02) Introduces H.R 643
Representative Jim McGovern (D-MA02) introduced a bill that would prohibit American security assistance to Saudi Arabia.
While the Library of Congress has yet to release the full details of the bill, it is likely similar to a bill introduced during the 115th Congress by McGovern that names the Khashoggi affair and controversy in Yemen as the primary impetus for the legislation. The bill has 20 co-sponsors and is the first of the 116th Congress to resemble last Congress’ efforts to reduce American security assistance to Saudi Arabia.
Rep. Adam Kinzinger Introduces H.R 571
Representative Adam Kinzinger (R-IL16) introduced a bill that would apply additional sanctions to any Iranian actor threatening the stability of post-ISIS Iraq.
The bill has been referred to the House Foreign Affairs and Judiciary committees and is co-sponsored by Representatives Thomas Suozzi (R-NY03), Brad Sherman (D-CA30) and Mario Diaz-Balart (R-FL25)
Rep. Joe Wilson (R-SC02) Introduces H.R. 554
Representative Joe Wilson (R-SC02) introduced a piece of legislation that, if passed, would require various government ministries to produce an annual report outlining religious intolerance being taught within Saudi Arabian educational materials.
The bill has been referred to the House Foreign Affairs Committee and is co-sponsored by Representative William Keating (D-MA09)
Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX10) Introduces H.R 336
Representative Michael McCaul (R-TX10) introduced legislation that names threats from Iran as the primary impetus for a continued military presence in the region.
The legislation is similar in name and content to bill introduced by Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) in the Senate, that on February 5th, 2019 passed in the Senate with several key amendments that are not a part of Rep. McCaul’s iteration of the bill.
It is unclear to what extent the bill will be considered beyond the initial step of being introduced.
House Passes “Voice-Vote” H.R.31
After having been introduced on January 3, 2019, Congress passed a bill from Representative Eliot Engel (D-NY16) that would impose sanctions on Iranian actors contributing to Syria’s instability. The bill was passed by voice-vote and appears to come at a time when Congress is reasserting involvement in Syria while the President concurrently floats a possible withdrawal.
Up next, the Senate may consider complementary legislation introduced by Senator Jim Risch (R-ID).
Rep. Michael McCaul (R-TX10) introduces H.R194
The first day of the 116th Congress, Representative Michael McCaul (R-TX10) introduced H.R194 ‘To Impose Additional Sanctions With Respect to Serious Human Rights Abuses of the Government of Iran and for Other Purposes.’
As outlined by its title, the bill cites the human rights abuses of Iran as a reason for the application of additional US sanctions against the country. The bill has been referred to the Foreign Affairs, Judiciary, Financial Services, and Ways & Means Committee.
Senate (Voice Vote) Agrees to S.J Res 69
In the midst of voting on the final iteration of the legally binding S.J Res 54, Senator Bob Corker (R-TN) submitted a different non-legally binding resolution ascribing blame to Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman for a variety of perceived regional missteps. The resolution is very similar to one introduced just days ago by Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC), and among other faults blames the young Prince for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi and atrocities in the Yemen War.
Despite supporting procedural votes to allow debate on S.J Res 54, Corker ultimately opposed the law, arguing that this non-binding resolution is a more diplomatic way to go about censuring the Saudi Government
House Passes (369Y-47N) H.R 2
Colloquially known as the “Farm Bill,” the House of Representatives voted to move “Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018” to a final vote. The procedural vote passed 206-203. The bill is being spearheaded by Rep. Michael Conway (R-TX11). The annual legislation gained attention due to a last-minute clause added by outgoing Speaker Paul Ryan (R-WI01) saying that the “War Powers Resolution…shall not apply during the remainder of the One Hundred and Fifteenth Congress…with respect to Yemen.” The final version of the House’s Farm Bill was passed on December 13, 2018.
Because un-enacted legislation at the end of a Congress is wiped from the record books, any efforts to invoke the War Powers Resolution in regards to Yemen will need to restart in the 116th Congress.
President Trump Enacts H.R 390
A bill sponsored by Rep. Christopher Smith (R-NJ04) was signed into law by President Trump. Formally titled the Iraq and Syria Genocide Relief and Accountability Act of 2018, the law authorizes various United States agencies to provide assistance to those in Iraq and Syria who are investigating genocide and other abuses against the countries’ religious minorities.
The bill also authorizes US agencies to correct shortfalls in the US justice system in order to better prosecute the international perpetrators of these injustices.
In the House the measure was approved by a voice-vote, while in the Senate it was agreed to by unanimous consent.
Lindsey Graham (R-SC) Introduces S. Res. 714
On December 5th, 2018 Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) introduced a Senate Resolution that holds Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman (MBS) personally responsible for a) the humanitarian situation in Yemen, b) the ongoing blockade of Qatar c) the torture and jailing of dissidents and d) personally orchestrating the murder of Jamal Khashoggi. The resolution comes after a select group of Senators were briefed on the situation by CIA Director Gina Haspel. The resolution itself is non-binding, however comes as yet another rebuke from the Congress regarding the US-Saudi relationship, and comes ahead of an expected floor debate on S.J 54 – a bill that if passed in both chambers would significantly curtail US assistance to Saudi Arabia in Yemen. The bill is co-sponsored by Sen(s) Dianne Feinstein (D-CA), Marco Rubio (R-FL), Ed Markey (D-MA), Todd Young (R-IN) and Chris Coons (D-DE).